Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 14.djvu/38

 28 K E I K E The native proas are well built, after the shape of a whale-boat. See C. Bosscher in Tijdschr. van hct Bat. Gen., iv. ; J. B. J, van Doren in Bijdr. tot de Taelkunde, &amp;lt;L-c., van N. I., new series, iv. ; C. B. H. vou Rosenberg, Reis naar de Zuidoostcr-eilanden ; Guido Cora s Cosmos, vol. iii. ; Vetli, &quot; Geogr. Anteek.&quot; (with map), in Tijdschr. van hct. Aardr. Gen., ii., 1876. KEIM, THEODOR (1825-1878), a prominent German theologian of the &quot; mediation &quot; school, was born December 17, 1825, at Stuttgart, where he attended the gymnasium, proceeding in 1843 to Tubingen, at which university he continued to study until 1848, F. C. Baur being the teacher who exercised the greatest influence over his thinking. For some time he held a private tutorial appointment, and in 1850 he attended classes at Bonn, returning in 1851 to his alma mater as &quot;repetent.&quot; In 1857 he became diaconus at Esslingen, and two years afterwards rose to the rank of archdeacon. From I860 to 1873 he held the office of professor ordinarius of theology in Ziirich, and from 1873 until shortly before his death in November 1878 he occupied a similar post at Giessen. He wrote Reformationsgcschichte dcr Reichsstadt Vim, 1851 ; Schwdbische Reformationftgeschichte bis zwii Rcichstage von Augsburg, 1855 ; Reformationsblattcr der Reichsstadt Esslingen, 1860 ; Am- hrosius Blarer, der Schwdbische Rcformator, 1860 ; Der Ucbertritt Konstantin s d. Gr. zum Christenthum, 1862 ; two volumes of ser mons entitled Freundcsivorte zur Gcmeindc, 1861-62 ; and Celsns wahres Wort, 1873. But the works to which he owes the consider able celebrity he possesses among Protestant theologians even out side of Germany are those in which he has investigated, with much patience of independent research and acuteness of discernment as well as with unusual power of noble appreciation, the narrative of the life of Christ contained in the gospels. Die mcnschliche Ent- wickelung Jcsu Christi (1861), Die gcscliichtliclie Wilrdc Jesu (1864), and Der geschichtliche Christies were followed by what without exaggeration may be called the truly great work, Gcschichle Jesu von Nazara (3 vols., 1867-72 ; English translation, 1873-77), of which the Geschichte Jesu nach den Ergebnissen hcutigcr Wisscnschaft, fur iveitere Krcisc ilbersichtlich crzdhlt, 1873, is a popular abridgment. KEITH, an old Scotch family which takes its name from the barony of Keith in East Lothian, bestowed, it is said, by Malcolm II. on a member of the house along with the office of hereditary grand marischat in reward of bravery shown in a battle against the Danes. The importance of the family was increased by a grant in 1320 of part of the forfeited estates of the earl of Buchan to Sir Robert Keith for his valour in support of the cause of Robert the Bruce, and by the inheritance in the next century of the lands of the Erasers of Kincardineshire through the marriage of Sir William Keith, who in 1458 was created Lord Keith and Earl Marischal of Scotland. William, earl marischal, great grandson of the first of the line, distinguished himself at the battle of Pinkie in 1547, and was a member of the council of the kingdom during the minority of Queen Mary. By his marriage with his cousin Margaret, daughter of Sir W T illiam Keith of Inverugie, he nearly doubled his estates, but, becoming involved in money embarrassments, he lived for some time in seclusion in his castle of Dun- nottar, obtaining on that account the sobriquet of &quot;William that kept the tower.&quot; He was succeeded in 1581 by his grandson George, fifth earl, who, besides having studied under the direction of Beza at Geneva, had acquired a comprehensive knowledge of the politics and customs of most of the courts of Europe. Pro- bably^for this reason he was chosen by King James to negotiate his marriage with Queen Anne of Denmark and bring her to Scotland. Throughout life he showed a keen interest in the advancement of learning. He was one of the commissioners appointed in 1582 to inquire into the management of King s College, Aberdeen, and out of his own private fortune he founded and endowed Marischal College in that city, which received a charter in 1593. He died at Dunnottar, April 5, 1623. The estates of the Koiths were forfeited on account of the part taken by George Keith, tenth earl, and his brother Francis (see next article) in the rebellion of 1715. Through the influ ence of his brother with Frederick the Great, the earl became governor of Neufchatel. After the reversal of the attainder he returned to Scotland, but soon made his way back to Berlin, where he died in April 1788. Through his death without issue the male line of the house became extinct. From the female line descended the Keith Elphinstones, one of whom, Sir George, was on account of his brilliant naval services created an Irish peer with the title of Baron Keith of Stonehaven Marischal. Sir John Keith, third son of the sixth earl marischal, was created Earl Kintore and Lord Keith of Inverurie and Keith Hall, on account of the part he was supposed to have taken in saving the regalia of Scotland when Dunuottar Castle, where they were deposited, was be sieged by Cromwell. See Account of the. Ancient and Noble Family of Keith, by P. Buchan, 1828 ; and Douglas s Scotch Peerage. KEITH, FRANCIS EDWARD JAMES (1696-1758), gene rally known as Marshal Keith, son of William the ninth earl marischal (see last article), was the most notable member of the house of Keith. Through his careful education under Bishop Keith, and his subsequent uni versity curriculum at Edinburgh in preparation for the legal profession, he acquired that taste for literature which afterwards secured him the esteem of the most distin guished savants of Europe ; but at an early period his pre ference for a soldier s career was decided and enthusiastic. The rebellion of 1715, in which he displayed qualities that gave some augury of his future eminence, compelled him to seek safety on the Continent. After spending two years in Paris, chiefly in studying at the university, he in 1719 took part in the ill-starred expedition of the Pretender to the Highlands of Scotland. He then passed some time at Paris and Madrid in obscurity and poverty, until he obtained the pay of a colonel from the king of Spain. Finding his Protestantism a barrier to promotion, he obtained from the king of Spain a recommendation to the emperor Peter II. of Russia, from whom he received the command of a regiment of the guards. In several Russian campaigns the calm, intelligent, and watchful valour which was his chief characteristic was displayed to such advantage that he obtained the rank of general and the reputation of being one of the ablest officers in the Russian service. Judging, however, that his rewards were not commensurate with his merits, he in 1747 offered his services to king Frederick of Prussia, who at once gave him the rank of field marshal, and gradually came to cherish towards him a strong personal affection and regard. In the subsequent wars of Frederick he displayed conspicuous ability, manifesting in critical contingencies a remarkable union of circumspection and promptitude. He was killed, 14th October 1758, at the battle of Hochkirch. Keith is described by Carlyle as &quot; sagacious, skilful, imperturbable, without fear and without noise, a man quietly ever ready&quot;; and also as &quot;not given to talk unless there is something to be said, but well capable of it then.&quot; See Varnhagen von Ense, Leben dcs Fcldmarschalls Jakob Keith, 1844 ; Fragment of a Memoir of Field Marshal James Keith, written by himself, 1714-1734, edited by 1 homas Constable for theSpalding club, 1843 ; and Carlyle s Frederick the Great. KEJ, the capital of the province of Mekran (the Gedrosia of the Greeks) in Baluchistan, is situated in 26 N. lat. and 62 50 E. long. There exists really no town, but a number of small villages dominated by a fort built upon a rock, on the eastern bank of the Kej river. This fort, like many others similarly placed throughout the country, is supposed to be impregnable, but is in fact of no strength except against the matchlocks of the surrounding trib&quot;*.