Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 12.djvu/720

702 Professor Owen regards this as an arrangement to facilitate the protrusion of what was probably a long prehensile tongue—an organ which the iguanodon may be supposed to have employed in stripping the foliage from the trees. There is no fossil evidence to show that it possessed either scutes, scales, or any other form of dermal armour.  IGUVIUM. See and.  ILCHESTER, formerly, a market- of Somersetshire, is situated in the valley of the Ivel or Yeo, 33 south-south-west of Bath, and 5  north-north-east of Yeovil railway station. It is connected by a stone bridge with the village of Northover on the other side of the. The principal buildings are the parish church of St Mary, an old edifice in the Early English style, with a small octagonal tower, and the town-hall. It possesses almshouses, founded in, and national schools. There are no manufactures or trade, and the importance of the town belongs wholly to the past. Under the Romans it was a military station, and bore the name of Ischalis. Anciently it was a place of considerable extent, and was defended by walls and a deep moat. Traces of these fortifications are still to be found, and numerous Roman remains have been discovered at different periods. During a rebellion against William Rufus in, the was successfully defended against Robert Mowbray, one of the leaders of the insurgents. Before the Reform Act of 1832, when it was disfranchised, Ilchester returned two members to parliament. The county jail was there until 1846. The of the town in 1871 was 751.  ÎLE-DE-FRANCE, an old district of France, forming a kind of island, bounded by the Marne, the Seine, the Oise, the Aisne, and the Ourcq. Until the end of the Carlovingian dynasty it was included in the domains of the crown. The of Île-de-France, named after this district, now embraces the department of the Seine, together with the greater part of Seine-et-Oise, Seine-et-Marne, Oise, and Aisne, and a small part of Loiret and Nievre. It was bounded on the N. by Picardy, on the W. by Normandy, on the S. by Orleannais and Nivernais, and on the E. by Champagne. Its capital was Paris.  ILFRACOMBE, a market-, seaport, and watering-place of Devonshire, is picturesquely situated on the Bristol Channel, and at the terminus of a branch of the London and South-Western Railway, 11 north by west of Barnstaple, and 50 north-west by west of Exeter. The parish is under the government of a local board of health, established in 1857. The old, built on the cliffs above the harbour, consists of a principal about a  in length, with smaller  branching off from it. Behind the old many fine villas and marine residences rise in beautiful terraces commanding picturesque and magnificent views. The heights or torrs overspread with foliage form a sort of semicircle round the town, stretching westwards to a considerable distance; and it is sheltered from the sea by the Capstone Rock. Hillsborough Rock, on the east side of the harbour, with a height of about 500, has near its summit some remains supposed to be of Celtic origin. On Lantern Rock, at the west side of the harbour, a lighthouse has been erected. For access to the bathing ground, which is confined to a few small coves at the foot of the rocks, three tunnels have been cut through the solid rock. Inland the country presents a beautiful variety of hill and dale, clothed with woods and possessing a rich and luxuriant vegetation. The principal public buildings are the parish church, dating from the, and recently restored, and St Philip and St James’s Church, recently erected at a cost of over 10,000, the town-hall erected in 1860, the market-house of the same date, the baths, and the assembly rooms. Waterworks were completed in 1866 at a cost of 7000. The harbour, formed wholly of a natural basin, admits vessels of more than 200 tons burden, and there is a pier 850 in length. Herring fishing is prosecuted, but the shipping trade has considerably declined. The of the parish, which in 1861 was 3851, was 4721 in 1871.

The name of the town is differently spelt in old documents, the variations being Ilfordscombe, Alfredscombe, Alfrincombe, Ilfarcombe, and Ilfridcombe. In the it obtained a grant for holding a fair and market, and in the reign of Edward III. it was a place of such importance as to supply him with six ships and ninety-six men for his armament against Calais. During the Parliamentary war, being garrisoned for the Roundheads, it was in 1644 captured by the Royalists, but in 1646 it fell into the hands of  ILHAVO, a of Portugal, province of Beira and district of Alveiro, is situated on the Atlantic Ocean, 8 south-west of Alveiro and 34 north-west of Coimbra. It is inhabited chiefly by fishermen, but has a celebrated manufactory of glass and porcelain, the Vista-Alegre, at which the art of glass-cutting has reached a high degree of perfection. Salt is largely ed. The is about 6000.  ILI, one of the principal of, in what is now the  of. The head-, called the Tekes ( form, Tekesse), rises at a height of 11,600 in the , which lie to the E. of , about 79° 50′ E.  and 42° 40′ N.  At first it flows eastward and north-eastward through a ous  which gradually widens into a  of considerable breadth between the  on the south and the  and the  or  on the north. Meeting the Kunges ( form, Koungesse) from the east, the takes a westerly direction; and under the name of Ili it continues to hold westward for about 300, to the neighbourhood of the  post of Ili or Ilijsk in 77° 5′ E.  The valley between 79° 30′ and 82° E.  is about 50  wide, and the portion above the  of   is fertile and populous,  s following each other in rapid succession, and the s being well stocked with  and  and s. At Ilijsk the  turns north-west, and at length, after traversing a district of  and , it falls by at least seven mouths into the , the first bifurcation of the  taking place about 115  up the. From to, according to Captain Fischer , the Ili is  for only two and a half  at most, and even then considerable difficulty is occasioned by the s and. From to Ilijsk (280 s)  is easy when the  is high, and practicable even at its lowest condition. The section from Ilijsk to (about 240 ) was explored in  at the instance of Mr Kutznezoff, who had a   on the  and towed up ; he found a passable channel all the way, but no practical use has since been made of it. Except in the portion, the  has a rapid current and the  is turbid. At Ilijsk there is a on the  from  to. The principal tributaries of the Ili are the, the , and the. A vast number of s flow towards it from the s on both sides, but the great proportion of them are used up by the s, and never reach their natural goal. The wealth of in the  is said to be great, and the    and  with profit. Fort Ili or Ilijsk, a modern n establishment, must not be confounded with, the old capital of the  of the same name. The latter, otherwise known as, , or , was formerly a  of 70,000 inhabitants, but now lies completely deserted. ,, or is now the principal  of the district. See.