Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 12.djvu/718

700 700 I G L I G U his Dramatic Works (with an autobiography) in 16 volumes, to which, in 1807-9, he added 2 volumes of New Dramatic Works. Two selections from his writings were afterwards published, the one in 10, the other in 11 volumes. See K. Duncker, Iffland in scincn Schriftcn als KwistUr, Lehrer, und Director der berlincr Biihne ; and Koffka, Iffland und Dalberg. IGLAU, or JIHLAVA, one of the oldest towns of Moravia, ^nd second only to Briinnin respect of size and population, is situated about 50 miles west-north-west of that city, and on the right bank of the Iglawa, close to the Bohemian frontier, in 49 25 N. lat. and 15 34 E. long. Iglau is the capital of a circle of the same name, the seat of the judicial authorities, and the military headquarters of the district. It consists of the town proper and the suburbs of Frauen, Pirnitzer, and Spital. Among the principal buildings are the churches of St James, St Ignatius, St John, and St Paul, the town-hall, a gymnasium, a high school, a military seminary, civil and criminal courts, several hospitals, and the barracks formed from a monastery abolished by order of the emperor Joseph II. There is also a fine cemetery, containing some remarkable monuments. The industrial establishments comprise cloth and linen weaving, paper, earthenware, and glass factories; potash, vinegar, and dye works ; tanneries, iron foundries, a large brewery, and an extensive cigar factory, employing over 2000 hands. Fairs are periodically held in the town ; and the trade in timber, cereals, and linen and woollen goods is generally brisk. The population in 1870 amounted to about 20,200, most of whom were Germans or of German extraction. At a very early date Iglau enjoyed exceptional privileges, and they were confirmed by King Wenceslaus III. in the year 1250. The town-hall contains a collection of municipal and mining laws dating as far back as 1389. At Iglau, on July 5, 1436, the treaty was made with the Hussites, by which Sigismuncl was acknow ledged King of Bohemia. A granite column near the town marks the spot where Ferdinand I., in 1527, swore fidelity to the Bo hemian states. During the Thirty Years War Iglau was twice captured by the Swedes. In 1742 it fell into the hands of the Prussians, and in December 1805 the Bavarians under Wrede were defeated near the town by the archduke Ferdinand d Este. IGLESIAS, a town of Sardinia, capital of a district in the province of Cagliari, is beautifully situated amongst limestone hills about 3 miles from the west coast, and at the terminus of a railway line from Cagliari, 34 miles west- north-west from that town. It is the seat of the suffragan bishop of Cagliari, and possesses a cathedral, an episcopal palace, four convents, a Jesuit college, and the ruins of old fortifications. The town is abundantly supplied with water from various vsprings. The surrounding country is highly productive, and there is an active trade in wine, oil, fruits, cheese, corn, and other agricultural products. Lead and zinc are obtained in the neighbourhood. The popula tion of the town in 1871 was 6630. IGL.6, formerly NEUDORF, a mining town of North Hungary, in the county of Szepes or Zips, is pleasantly situated on the Hernad, and on the Kaschau-Oderberg line of railway, about 5 miles south of Lb cse (Leutschau), in 48 56 N. lat. and 20 33 E. long. Among the few public buildings are Lutheran arid Roman Catholic churches, a gymnasium, a teachers seminary, a circuit court, and the usual Government offices. There are, moreover, factories for the manufacture of stoneware, fuller s earth, linen, and paper ; also sawmills, steam flour mills, and iron foundries. In the vicinity are extensive iron and copper mines and stone quarries. The inhabitants of the town and neighbour hood are chiefly employed in mining, bee-keeping, flax- growing, agriculture, and trade. The population (including that of Great and Little Iglo-Hnilecz) amounts to 6691, mostly German by nationality and Lutheran by creed. Iglo was formerly the capital of the sixteen privileged Zips towns, and its origin may be traced to Saxon colonists of the 12th century. IGNATIUS, ST. See APOSTOLIC FATHERS, vol. ii. p. 196. IGNATIUS DE LOYOLA, ST. See LOYOLA. IGNORANTINES (Freres Ignorantins), as the Brethren of the Christian Schools (Freres des Scales Chretiennes) are commonly though improperly called, are a religious frater nity founded at Rheims in 1679, and formally organized in 1683, by the priest Jean-Baptiste de La Salle, for the purpose of affording a free education, especially in religion, to the children of the poor. The name Ignorantine was given either on account of the low class of the pupils, or from a clause in the rules of the order forbidding its members to learn or teach Latin. Other popular names applied to the order are Freres de Saint-Yon, from the house at Rouen, which was their headquarters from 1705 till 1770, Freres ci quatre bras, from their hanging sleeves, and Freres Fouetteurs, from their former use of the whip (fouet) in punishments. The brethren, although not allowed by their rules to enter holy orders, take the usual vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience. They are dis tinguished by a peculiar coarse black dress, consisting of a cassock, a hooded cloak with hanging sleeves, and a broad- brimmed hat. The order, approved by Pope Benedict XIII. in 1725, rapidly spread over France, and although expelled after the Revolution of 1789, was recalled by Napoleon in 1 803, and formally recognized by the French Government in 1808. Since then its members have pene trated into nearly every country of Europe, and into America, Asia, and Africa. In France alone they number more than 1300 schools for young and old, attended by upwards of 300,000 pupils, taught by some 8000 mastery. See Histoire du Venerable J.-B. de la Salle, by A. Ravelet, 2d ed., Paris, 1874. IGUALADA, a town of Spain, in the province of Bar celona, is situated on the left bank of the Noya, in a rich agricultural and vinebearing country, 32 miles north-west of Barcelona. It consists of an old and a new town, the former dilapidated and dirty, with narrow and irregular streets and the remains of a fortress and ramparts, while the latter possesses regular and spacious streets and many fine houses. Among the public buildings are an old Gothic church, a town-hall, two conventual buildings, a clerical college, a hospital, and military barracks. The former commercial prosperity of Igualada has now much declined, but its industries are still considerable, and comprise cotton spinning, cotton and woollen weaving, and the manufac ture of firearms, leather, hats, and brandy. There is also some trade in corn. Population in 1877, 11,882. IGUANA (Iguanidce), a family of lizards belonging to the suborder Pachyglossoe or &quot; thick-tongued,&quot; and compris ing 56 genera and 236 species. With a single undoubted exception, all the genera of this extensive family belong to the New World, being specially characteristic of the Neotropical region, where they occur as far south as Patagonia, while extending northward into the warmer parts of the Nearotic region as far as California and British Columbia. The single non-American genus Brachylophus occurs in the Fiji Islands. The iguanas are characterized by the peculiar form of their teeth, these being round at the root and blade-like, with serrated edges towards the tip, resembling in this respect the gigantic extinct reptile iguanodon. The typical forms belonging to this family are distinguished by the large dewlap or pouch situated beneath the head and neck, and by the crest, composed of slender elongated scales, which extends in gradually diminishing height from the nape of the neck to the extremity of the tail. The latter organ is very long, slender, and compressed, while its vertebrae, in common with those of certain other lizards, possess thin unossified septa traversing their centres. It is owing to the weakness thus produced in their vertebral column that, when caught