Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 12.djvu/344

332 its connexion with, whose of Sunnyside is in the vicinity. At, where the ends, the  named the  rises picturesquely from the  to the height of between 300 and 500 , extending along the west  for about 20 , the left  being level and dotted with  and. At the of the  on the west  are  and , and on the east. By the the  is connected with, by the   with, and by the   with the  ; and its  importance as a means of  is not excelled by that of any other  in the. It was on the Hudson that, the of , made his first successful experiment. The Hudson River skirts the east  of the  from  to, whence it bends eastward on its way to. On the west a  is to run from  to, and branch lines from various centres touch both s at several points. The Hudson has some valuable, the principal being , , and. The attempts to stock it with have not been very successful. Though in  proceeded up the  Hudson a short distance in a, the first to demonstrate its extent and importance was , from whom it derives its name. He above the  of the  in.  HUDSON, (–), the “ ,” was in  in, was a successful   in, and subsequently became the leading representative of the  mania of –. chairman of the North, he was for three  the ruling spirit of speculation and as the arbiter of  held the key of untold s. All es delighted to  him, and, as if a colossal fortune were an insufficient reward for his public services, the richest men in  presented him with a  of 20,000. - for, and thrice  of , he was  in the  interest for  in , the event being judged of such public interest that the  was conveyed to  by a special , which travelled part of the way at the rate of 75  an. Full of rewards and, he was suddenly ruined by the disclosure of the Eastern frauds. clung to her generous representative till, but on the bursting of the bubble he had lost influence and fortune at a single stroke. His later life was chiefly spent on the, where he benefited little by a display of unabated energy and enterprise. Some friends gave him a small a short time before his death, which took place in, 14th  1871. His has long been used to point the moral of vaunting ambition and unstable fortune. The “big swollen ,” as Carlyle calls him in one of the Latter Day Pamphlets, was savagely and excessively reprobated by the which had  believed in his en. He certainly ruined -holders, and disturbed the great centres of ; but he had an honest faith in his own schemes, and, while he ed himself in their promotion, he succeeded in overcoming the powerful interest which delayed the adoption of  in  long after the date of their regular introduction into.  HUDSON,, a distinguished, of whose personal before  19, , or after  21, , absolutely nothing is known, and whose well-earned fame rests entirely on four voyages which were all unsuccessful as regarded their immediate object, the discovery of a  passage to  other and shorter than that by the. The first of these, in quest of new and the passage to  by the , was made for the , with ten men and a boy, in the little &ldquo;Hopewell&rdquo; of 60  that had so successfully braved the dangers of ’s last voyage. from the on  19,, Hudson first ed the east side of , and thence hugging the  -barrier, proceeded to the &ldquo;north-east of &rdquo; to near 82°N. He then turned back to seek, according to his, the passage round the north of into  to make trial of , or &ldquo;the furious overfall&rdquo;; but, having traced the -barrier from 78° to 80°, he on  27 became convinced that by this way there is no passage, and on  15 he returned to the. ’s chart, by  about, was Hudson’s blind guide in this voyage, and the polar map of  by  illustrates well what he attempted, and the valuable results both negative and positive which he reached. He investigated the prospects at, and recommended his s to seek higher  in ; hence he may be called the father of the  - at. Hudson was a second time sent by the &ldquo;to open the passage to by the north-east between  and ;&rdquo; this voyage lasted from  22 to  26,. From 12 to  29, he raked the  between 75° 30′N.W. and 71° 15′S.E. on the   of, meeting with much  and no great encouragement for, and deleting  from his. On 6, &ldquo;voide of hope of a north-east passage (except by the, for which I was not fitted to try or prove), I therefore resolved to use all means I could to  to the north-west&rdquo; (still harping on  and &ldquo;the furious overfall&rdquo;). The failure of this second attempt satisfied the, which thenceforward directed all its energies to the able. In the of  Hudson &ldquo;had a call&rdquo; to, where he saw , who gave him ’s journals, and , who supplied him with translations of certain  papers. After some vacillating negotiations he finally undertook for the his important third voyage to find the passage to  &ldquo;by the east or the west.&rdquo; With a mixed crew of eighteen or twenty men he left the  in the &ldquo;Half-Moon&rdquo; on  5, and by  5 was in the, and soon afterwards among the  near  in , where he had been the. Some of his men becoming disheartened and (it is now supposed that he had arrived two or three  too early), he soon lost hope of effecting anything by that route, and submitted to his men, as alternative proposals, either to go to  and follow up ’s light, or to make for  and seek the passage in about 40°, according to the  and map sent him by his friend. The latter plan was adopted, and on 14 Hudson set his face towards the  and. He touched at for water, and on  15 off  in about 48°  the &ldquo;Half-Moon&rdquo; &ldquo;spent overboord her .&rdquo; This accident compelled him to put into  (44° 1′), where on  18 a  was procured, some communication with the  was had, and an unnecessary  fought, in which the ’s two &ldquo; murderers&rdquo; were employed. again on 25, he was off  on  6, and on the 9th (38° 39′) &ldquo;went with low  because we were in an unknown .&rdquo; On  18 they made, 6 or 7  north of the entrance to the. On 28, beginning the  where  left off at 37°36′ according to his map, he coasted north to, passing the &ldquo;overfall&rdquo; of the  with scarcely 