Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 12.djvu/340

328 happily assorted trio, at once surprised and delighted the world. So skilfully did the blind man devise his ex periments, and so carefully did his assistants conduct and register their observations, that the work Nouvelles Observa tions sur les abeilles (Geneva, 1792; Paris, 1796; new ed., Paris, 1814; English translation, Edinburgh, 1806 and 1821) laid the foundation of all our scientific knowledge of the subject. Huber assisted Senebier in his Mem. sur influence de Vair, &c., dans la germination (Geneva, 1800); and we also have from his pen &quot; Mem. sur 1 origine de la cire &quot; (BibliotJieque Britannique, tome xxv.), a &quot; Lettre a M. Pictet sur certains dangers que courent les abeilles &quot; (Bib. Brit., xxvii.), and &quot; Nouvelles observ. rel. an sphinx Atropos&quot; (Sib. Brit., xxvii.). He died at the age of eighty-one, December 22, 1831. De Candolle gave his name to a genus of Brazilian trees Huberia laurina. Pierre Huber (1777-1840) followed in his father’s footsteps. His best known work is Recherches sur les mceurs des fourmis indigenes (Geneva and Paris, 1810; newed., Geneva, 1861), but he also contributed papers on various entomological subjects to several scientific periodicals.

1em  HUBER, (1830–1879), a philosophical and theological writer whose name is intimately connected in Germany, and indeed throughout Europe, with the Old Catholic and other recent movements towards freedom and enlightenment, was born in very humble circumstances, on August 18, 1830, at Munich, where, originally destined for the priesthood, he early began the study of theology. By the writings of Spinoza and Oken, however, he was strongly drawn to philosophical pursuits, and it was in philosophy that he &quot;habilitated&quot; (1854), and ultimately became pro fessor (extraordinarius in 1859 and ordinarius in 1864). Along with Dollinger and others he attracted a large amount of public attention in 1869 by the challenge to the Ultramontane promoters of the Vatican council in the treatise Der Papst u. der Koncil, which appeared under the pseudonym of &quot; Janus,&quot; and also in 1870 by a series of letters (&quot;Romische Briefe&quot;), which were published in the Allgemeine Zeitung. The nature of the numerous controversies in which he became involved both before and after this main episode of his life may be gathered from the subjoined list of his published writings. He died suddenly of heart disease at Munich on March 20, 1879.

1em  HUBERT ( or, “the Bright-witted”),, bishop of Liege, was son of Bertrand, duke of Guienne, and held a prominent place in the court of the Frankish king Theodoric, and afterwards in that of Pippin of Heristal. He was passionately fond of the chase, but with the death of his wife Floribane all his taste for mundane enjoyments disappeared, and following the counsels of his friend and teacher, Bishop Lambert of Maestricht, he retired to the monastery of Stavelot, whence he afterwards undertook a pilgrimage to Rome, on occasion of which he was by pope Sergius I. appointed bishop of Tongern. In he succeeded Lambert in the see of Maestricht and Liège, to whose memory he erected a cathedral in the. His death occurred in, and in his remains (which, it is alleged, suffered no decay for many ) were removed to a Benedictine cloister in the Ardennes, which thenceforth bore his name, and ultimately became a con siderable resort of pilgrims. Hubert’s day is November 3, but the date and circumstances of his canonization are not stated. His conversion, represented as having been brought about, while he was hunting on Good Friday, by a miraculous appearance of a stag bearing between his horns a beaming cross or crucifix, has frequently been made the subject of artistic treatment. He is the patron of hunters, and is also invoked in cases of hydrophobia and demoniac possession. Several orders of knighthood have been under his protection; among these may be mentioned the Bavarian, the Bohemian, and that of the electorate of Cologne.

1em  HUBLI, a in Dharwar district, Bombay, 15° 20′N., 75 12 E., situated 13 s south-east of Dharwar, on the main road from Poona to Harihar; it is 230 s south-east from Poona, 142 s from Belldri (Bellary), 90 s from Kdrw/ir, and 97 s from Kumpta (Coompta). (1872) 37,961. Situated on the main lines of communication to Harihar, Kurwar, and Kumpta, the has become the centre of the cotton trade of the southern Marhatta country. Besides raw cotton and silk fabrics, a general trade in copper vessel?, grain, salt, and other commodities is conducted on a large scale. Hubli was formerly the seat of an English factory, which in 1673, with the rest of the, was plundered by Sivaji, the Marhatta leader.  HUC, (–), a celebrated  -traveller, was  at, 1st. In he entered the  of the  at, and shortly after receiving  in  set forth fired by  zeal for. At he spent some eighteen s in the   preparing himself under the  of  for the regular work of a  in the. Having at last acquired a sufficient command of the, and modified his personal appearance in accordance with , he started from clad in the  of the , with his   yellow, and wearing the inevitable. He at first superintended a  in the southern, and then passing to , where he perfected his knowledge of , eventually settled in the  or , a little to the north of , and just within the borders of. There, beyond the, a large but scattered of   had found a refuge from the s of , to be united half a century later in a vast but vague. The assiduity with which Huc devoted himself to the study of the and customs of the, for whom at the cost of much labour he translated various religious works, was an admirable preparation for undertaking in , at the instigation of the  of , an expedition whose object was to dissipate the obscurity which hung over the  and habits of the. of found the  at  occupied with the final arrangements for his journey, and shortly afterwards, accompanied by his fellow-,, and a young   who had embraced , he set out. To escape attention the little party assumed the dress of or. Crossing the at, they advanced into the terrible y tract known as the 