Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 12.djvu/321

Rh counsellor of the parliament of Paris, naturally hoped to see his eldest son his successor, and gave him a legal education at Orleans. After three s study he was made a doctor of laws, and immediately began to practise at the Paris bar. But the quibbles of pleading soon disgusted him, and to his father s annoyance he turned to the calmer study of juris prudence. At the age of twenty-two he was named public lecturer with Baudouin at Paris, and at once gained high repute. The fortitude of Anne Dubourg under torture roused his latent enthusiasm for the Reformed opinions; he at once gave up his career, and went in to Lyons, the outpost of Genevan theology, and thence to Geneva and Lausanne. At Lausanne he became professor of belles-lettres and history, and married a French refugee from Orleans; in we find him in high repute as a teacher at Strasburg, where he lectured for several s to large crowds of students. In, in the beginning of the civil troubles, he attached himself to Antony of Navarre, and was trusted with delicate missions from the Huguenot chiefs to German princes; he even at one time carried credentials from Catherine de' Medici, and his speech at the Frankfort diet, which is extant, is &quot; a model of eloquence and political shrewdness.&quot; After a while we find him professor at Valence, expounding the civil law with such success as to restore the failing credit of that university. Three s later he succeeded Cujas at Bourges; but the civil war drove him to Orleans for refuge, whence he was sent down to Blois to negotiate the peace of. He returned to Bourges only to encounter another outbreak of war and another flight, this time to Sancerre, where in the tedium of the obstinate siege he composed his Consolatio, a striking work drawn from the Bible and St Augustine. The peace of restored him once more; but the St Bartholomew drove him away again; and with wife and family he fled to Geneva, turning his back for ever on his country. As he went he shot at Charles IX. a Parthian shaft in his celebrated Franco-Gallia, a treatise much censured by Catholics and Huguenots alike. It breathed the true spirit of research and of Huguenot independence and even republicanism; for it boldly appealed, in the very citadel of hereditary succession, from rights of blood to popular election, and declared that the French monarchy rested on that foundation; the use soon made of the book by the Jesuits in their pamphlet war against Henry IV. added to its unpopularity. At Geneva Hotman was ap pointed professor of Roman law, and taught in peace for six s; in, however, the threatening approach of the duke of Savoy frightened him away to Basel. Thence the plague sent him to Montbeliard in, where he lost his faithful wife. After making trial of Geneva once more, he again in fled to Basel, where he died in, and was buried in the cathedral.

1em

1em  HOT SPRINGS, a post village in Hot Springs county,,, is situated on a tributary of the Washita river, 55 S.W. of Little Rock. It is much resorted to by strangers on account of its hot springs, which are about sixty in number, and together have a daily flow of about 500,000 s. They vary in temperature from 93 to 150, and their beneficial effects depend chiefly upon external application. The principal diseases in which they are efficacious are affections of the skin, malarial fever, and rheumatism. The number of persons who make use of them is about 20,000 annually. The town is well supplied with hotels and churches. The, which in 1870 was 1276, was 51 79 in 1880.  HOTTENTOTS was the generic name given by Europeans to the native tribes inhabiting the southern extremity of Africa. Some early writers termed them Hodmadods or Hodmandods, and others Hot-nots and Ottentots all corruptions of the same word. The common denomination adopted by themselves was Khoi-Khoin (men of men), or Qute Qute, Kwekhena, t Kuhkeub, the forms varying accord ing to the several dialects. These aborigines, totally distinct as they were in their primitive state from all other African races, have been generally regarded as the most ancient inhabitants of the land. A little more than two centuries ago they were a numerous people, whose nomadic tribes or clans and families were spread over the territory now distinguished as the Cape Colony; and tradition, as well as the evidence afforded by names of places and surviving peculiarities of manners and language, points to their having in prehistoric times extended much further to the north-westward and eastward, where they have been supplanted by the Kaffre or Negro tribes. The freedom, security, and protection enjoyed by the Hottentots since the Cape of Good Hope became a portion of the British empire have in no small degree arrested the process of extermination of the race which was rapidly proceeding at the close of last century. When Sir John Barrow described their condition in 1798, he estimated their numbers at about 15,000 souls. In 1806 the official return gave a population of 9784 males and 10,642 females. In 1824 they had increased to 31,000. At the census of 1865 they numbered 81,589; and the census of 1875 gave the Hottentot population within the Cape Colony at 98,561. In the returns for the last-mentioned periods, however, the designation &quot; Hottentot &quot; has no doubt embraced many persons of mixed race. It is only at the mission stations or in their vicinity that any genuine descendants of the early tribes are now to be met with. Beyond the colonial borders, however, they are numerically strong. Dr Theophilus Hahn gives the following as an approximate statement of their numbers (amounting in all to nearly 17,000) in Great Namaqualand and Damaraland : Pure Namaquas Geikous, or Red Nation, 2500; Topnaars, 750; Kharo-oas, 300; Khogeis, 100; Ogeis, or Great Deaths, 800; Khau-goas, or Young Red Nation, 1000; Habobes, or Velschoendragers, 1800; Karagei-Khois, 800; Gaminus, or Bondlezwaarts, 2000; Gunungu, or Lowlanders, 200. Namaqua Hottentots or Oerlaams Eicha-ais, or Afrikaaners, 800; Kowisis, 2500; Amas, 2000; Kliauas, 700; Gei-Khauas, or Gobabis people, 600. The pure Namaquas claim to be the aboriginal tribes, while the &quot; Oerlaam &quot; are the new comers, or those who migrated across the Orange river from the southern part of Cape colony. The latter tribes and many of the former may be said to be in a semi-civilized state, and have in a great measure adopted the customs, habits, language, and pursuits of the colonists. Some are in good circumstances, rich in waggons, horses, cattle, and sheep; while others 