Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 12.djvu/310

298 tenderness with which he describes the final victory of divine love, are united by no logical bond. The unity is one of feeling only, and the sob of anguish in which many of his appeals to a heedless people seem to end, turns once and again with sudden revulsion into the clear accents of evangelical promise, which in the closing chapter swell forth in pure and strong cadence out of a heart that has found its rest with God from all the troubles of a stormy life.

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{{ti|1em|{{11fine|{{nowrap|Literature.—}}Of the older commentaries on Hosea which have been fully catalogued by Rosemnuller in his Scholia, it is sufficient to name, as books still practically useful, Le Mercier s Latin anno tations, embodying a translation of the chief rabbinical expositions, and the English commentary of E. Pococke, Oxford, 1685, which is not surpassed in learning and judgment by any subsequent work. Among recent expositions the most important are those in Ewald s Propheten, Bd. i. (2d ed., Gb ttingen, 1867 ; Eng. trans., London, 1876); Hitzig s Kleine Propheten (3d ed., Leipsic, 1863); Keil s Kleine Propheten (Leipsic, 1866; Eng. trans., Edinburgh, 1868); Pusey s Minor Prophets, London, 1860 ; Reuss s Bible, part ii. {Paris, 1876) ; the Speaker s Commentary, vol. vi. (by Huxtable, London, 1876) ; Heilprin s Historical Poetry, vol. ii. (New York, 1880) ; and the separ.ite publications of Simson (Hamburg and Gotha, 1851), Wiinsche (Leipsic, 1868), and Nowack (Berlin, 1880). The last gives a list of recent Continental commentaries and mono graphs, to which may be added Houtsma s &quot; Bijdrage &quot; (Theol. Tijdsch., 1875, p. 55 sq.). The English commentary of Williams (London, 1866) is of little importance ; Schmoller s commentary inLange s Bibelwerk(1872, Eng. trans., 1874) is adapted for homi- letical purposes. The theology of Hosea is ably discussed by Duhm, Theol. der Propheten (Bonn, 1875), with which an essay by Smend (Stud. u. Krit., 1876) may be advantageously compared.}}}}

1em  HOSHANGÁBÁD, a British district in the chief com- missionership of the Central Provinces of India, lying be tween 21 40 and 22 59 N. lat. and between 76 38 30&quot; and 78 45 30&quot; E. long. It is bounded N. by the Narbada (Nerbudda), which separates it from the territories of Bhopal, Sindhia, and Holkar ; E. by the Dudhi river, dividing it from Narsinghpur district; S. by the districts of Western Berar, Betul, and Chhinclwara ; and W. by Nimar. Hoshangabad may be described as a valley of varying breadth, extending for 150 miles between the Nerbudda and the Satpura mountains. The soil consists chiefly of black basaltic alluvium, often more than 20 feet deep ; but along the banks of the Nerbudda the fertility of the land compen sates for the tameness of the scenery. Towards the west, low stony hills and broken ridges cut up the level ground, while the Yindhyas and the Satpuras throw out jutting spurs and ranges. In this wilder country considerable regions are covered with jungle. On the south the lofty range which shuts in the valley is remarkable in mountain scenery, surpassing in its picturesque irregularity the Vindhyan chain in the north. Many streams take their rise amid its precipices, then, winding through deep glens, flow across the plain between sandy banks covered with low jungle, till they swell the waters of the mighty Nerbudda. None of the streams are of any importance except the Tawa, which is interesting to the geologist on account of the many minerals to be found along its course. The boundary rivers, the Nerbudda and Tapti, are the only con siderable waters in Hoshangabad. At Charwa a dense low jungle extends over a large region, but by far the finest timber is found at Bori and Denwa.

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, the headquarters town of the above district, 22 45 30&quot; N. lat., 77 46 E. long., is situated on the south side of the Nerbudda. Population (1877) 11,613. It is supposed to have been founded by Hoshang Shah, the second of the Ghori kings of Malwa ; but it remained an insignificant place till the Bhopal conquest about 1720, when a massive stone fort was constructed, with its base on the river, commanding the Bhopal road. It sustained several sieges, and passed alternately into the hands of the Bhopal and Nagpur troops. From 1818 it 