Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 12.djvu/272

260 260 HORTICULTURE [FLOWERS. feathered and flamed, and in all cases the colour must be uniformly distributed. Tulips are usually grown in beds, which should be made up, to the depth of about 2 feet, with a rich compost of about four parts loam to one of leaf-mould and one of thoroughly decomposed man ure, which should have been well mixed some time before required for use. The bottom of the bed must be thoroughly drained, and so arranged that the water may not only soak down to the bottom, but rind egress there. New soil is not required every year, but it should be deeply turned up and laid in ridges, and every third year it should be renewed to about a foot in depth, and the new soil well mixed with the old. The bed should be in an open but sheltered posi tion, and should be got ready in September or early in October, the bulbs being planted in October or early in November, 6 inches apart, and 3 or 4 inches deep. The bed should be 4 feet wide sufficient to take seven rows of bulbs, a little river sand being placed about each. An awning should be placed over the bed when the buds show colour, in order to lengthen the duration of the flowers, and removed when the flowers fade. After the flowers have fallen, the seed-vessels are broken off close by the stem, to prevent the plant from exhausting itself in perfecting seed, and to direct its energies to the forming of the new bulb, and when the leaves and stalks turn brown the bulbs are taken up and laid out for a few days in a cool airy place, when they should be stored in drawers till planting time, being occasionally examined in case any of them decay. Tulips are readily propagated by offsets, which are taken oif from the parent bulbs, and nursed in separate beds till they be full grown. New varieties are raised from seed, and are from five to seven years old before they flower. The following are a good selection of show tulips : Bizarres. Feathered : Demosthenes, Sir Joseph Paxton, Garibaldi, Com- mamler, Sulphur, George Hayward. Flamed : Excelsior, Dr Hardy, Surpass Polyphemus, Masterpiece, Ajax, William Lea. Byblctmens. Feathered: William Bentley, Friar Tuck, David Jackson, Bessie, Mrs Cooper, Talisman. Flamed: Duchess of Sutherland, Nimbus. Talisman, Bacchus, Adonis, Carbuncle. Roses. Feathered: Charmer, Industry, Nanny Gibson, Lady Wilton, Mrs Lea, Madame St Arnaud. Flamed : Annie Macgregor, Lady Sef ton, Mrs Barlow, Sarah Headly, Adair, Triomphe Royale. For decorative purposes, as forcing and spring bedding, the following are some of the best sorts grown : Singles. Canary Bird, Couleur Cardinal, Couronne Pourpre, Due Van Thol, Duchesse de Parma, Keizerskroon, Proserpine, Roi Pdpin, Bride of Haarlem, Pottebakker, White Pottebakker, Thomas Moore, Vermilion Brillant, Yellow Prince. Doubles. Couronne des Roses, Duke of York, Gloria Solis, Imperator Rubrorum, Mariage de ma Fille, Overwinnar, Rex Rubrorum, Tournesol, Yellow Tournesol, La Caudeur. Hardy 72. HARDY TREES AXE SHRUBS. Much of the beauty of the trees and pleasure garden depends upon the proper selection and disposition of shrubs, ornamental trees and shrubs. It is to be regretted that this depart ment of the garden is often greatly neglected, and the many orna mental subjects introduced during the last half century are too frequently overlooked by planters and garden artistes. We can only afford space here for lists of some of the better and more useful and ornamental trees and shrubs, old and new, supplemented by a brief notice of the rhododendron and its congeners, and of the rose. The following list, which is not exhaustive, furnishes material from which a selection may be made to suit various soils and situa tions. The shrubs marked * are climbers. Hardy Deciduous Trees. Hardy Deciduous Shrubs. Acer Maple. jEsculus Horse-Chestnut. Ailantus Tree of Heaven. Alnus Alder. Amygdalus Almond. Betula Birch. Carpinus Hornbeam. Carya Hickory. Castanea Chestnut. Catalpa. Celtis Nettle Tree. Cerasus Cherry. Cercis Judas Tree. Cotoneaster. Cratsegus Thorn. Diospyrus. Fagus Beech. Fraxinus Ash. Ginkgo Maidenhair Tree. Gleditschia Honey Locust. Gymnocladus Kentucky Coffee Tree. Juglans Walnut. Kolreuteria. Laburnum. Larix Larch. Liriodcndron Tulip. Magnolia. Morus Mulberry. Negundo Box-Elder. Ostrya Hop Hornbeam. Paulownia. Planera. Platanus Plane. Populus Poplar. Ptelea Hop Tree. Pyrus Pear, &c. Quercus Oak. Rhus Sumach. Robinia Locust Tree. Salix Willow. Sophora. Taxodium Deciduous Cypress. Tilia Lime. Ulmus Elm. Virgilia. Xanthoceras. Abies Silver Fir. Araucaria Chili Pine. Arbutus Strawberry Tree. Biota Arbor Vitse. Buxus Box. Cedrus Cedar. Cephalotaxus. Cryptomeria Japan Cedar. Cupressus Cypress. Ilex Holly. Juniperus Juniper. Laurus Bay Laurel. Hardy Evergreen Trees. Libocedrus. Magnolia. Picea Spruce Fir. Pinus Pine. Quercus Oak. Retinospora. Sciaclopitys Umbrella Pine. Sequoia (Wellingtonia). Taxus Yew. Thuiopsis. Thuya Arbor Vita). Tsuga. Abelia. Acer Maple. yEsculus Horse-Chestnut. Amelanchier. Ampelopsis.* Amygdalopsis. Aralia. Aristolochia.* Berberis Berberry. Bignonia * Trumpet Flower. Calophaca. Calycanthus Carolina Allspice. Caragana. Cerasus Cherry. ChitnonanthuB. Clematis.* Colutea Bladder Senna. Corn us Dog wood. Cotoneaster. Cratecgus Thorn. Cydonia Japan Quince. C ytisus Broom, &c. Daphne. Deutzia. Edwardsia. Elaeagnus. Euonymns Spindle Tree. Forsythia.* Fremontia. Genista. Halesia Snowdrop Tree. tlamamelis Wych Hazel. Hibiscus Altluea frutex, &c. Hippophae Sea Buckthorn. Hypericum St John s Wort. Jasminum * Jasmine. Kerria. Laurus Laurel. Ligustrum Privet. Lonicera * Honeysuckle Lycium.* Magnolia. Menispermum * Moonseed. Periploca.* Philadelphus Mock Orange. Rhus Wig Tree, &c. Ribes Flowering Currant. Robinia Rose Acacia, &c. Rosa Rose. Rubus * Bramble. Spartium Spanish Broom. Spirrea. Staphylsea Bladder-Nut. Symphori carpus Snowbcrry. Syringa Lilac. Tamarix Tamarisk. Viburnum Guelders Rose, &c. Vitis Vine. Wciacla. Akebia.* Arbutus. Aucuba Japan Laurel. Azara. Bambusa Bamboo. Berberidopsis.* Berberis Berberry. Buddleia. Bupleurum. Buxus Box. Ceanothus. Cerasus Cherry-Laurel, & Cistus Sun-Rose. Cotoneaster. Cratrcgus Thorn. Daphne. Desfontainea. Erica Heath. Escallonia. Euonymus. Fabiana. Fatsia (Aralia). Garrya. Griselinia. Hedera* Ivy. Hardy Evergreen Shrubs. Hypericum St John s Wort. Ilex- Holly. Jasminum * Jasmine. Kadsura.* Lardizabala.* Laurus Sweet Bay. Ligustrum Privet. Lonicera y Honeysuckle. Magnolia. Osmanthus. Pernettya. Phillyrea. Photinia. Retinospora.* Rhanmus Alaternus. Rhododendron Rose-Bay. Rosa * Rose. Ruscus. Skimmia. Smilax.* Stauntonia.* Ulex Furze. Viburnum Laurustinus. Vinca Periwinkle. Yucca Adam s Needle. 73. The Iihododendron. In places where the soil is suitable, the p^oj rhododendron, on account of its flowering qualities, is fast taking d en &amp;lt;j the place of the laurel in the mixed shrubbery. This plant, with its associates the a/alea, kalmia, andromeda, and the like, requires, generally speaking, a peaty soil, and a cool, rather moist situation ; but, though a peaty soil is preferable, especially for the choice kinds, it is not essential. When, however, the soil is loamy, it must have incorporated with it a liberal portion of leaf-mould and decayed manure, cow dung being preferable, and, if at all heavy, some clean road grit. The plants do not thrive in soil which contains cal careous matter. These subjects, in view of the source of most of the originals, are commonly called American plants ; and a separate plot (called the American garden) is often set apart for them. For such a plot the catawbiense type of rhododendron is preferable, being hardier, producing better foliage, and comprising many of the finest flower ing sorts. Such varieties as Sir Thomas Sebright, Old Tort, Mrs Heneage, Michael Waterer, H. W. Sargent, Alexander Dancer, Brayanum, Scipio, Everestianum, Minnie, Mrs John Glutton, J. Marshall Brooks, Sigismund Eucker, Mrs Milncr, and fastuosum flore-pleno, may be counted 011 as sterling sorts, which will always give satisfaction. The varieties of Azalea, though de ciduous in habit, are desirable on account of their brilliant and effective colours, and with them may be associated such subjects as Andromeda, Cassandra, Leucothoe, Dabeocia, Daphne Cncorum, the hardy Heaths, Gaultheria, Kalmia, Ledum, Pernettya, Rhodora, Vaccinium, and Zenobia. 74. The Rose. The rose is so universal a favourite that some por- Rose tion of the garden must necessarily be devoted to it, if the situation be at all favourable. Roses will not, however, thrive in the vicinity of large towns, since they require a pure air, and do not endure a smoky atmosphere. The best soil for them is a deep rich strong loam free from stagnant moisture. Very light sandy or gravelly soils, or soils which are clayey and badly drained, are not suitable, and both must be greatly improved if rose-growing on them is attempted. Light soils would be improved by a dressing of strong loam in conjunction with cow dung or nightsoil ; the latter, provided it is properly pre pared and not too fresh, is indeed the very best manure for roses in all but soils which are naturally very rich. Heavy soils arc improved by adding burned earth or gritty refuse, with stable manure and leaf-mould or cocoa-fibre refuse ; and damp soils must necessarily be