Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 11.djvu/858

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1em  HILLER, (1728–1804), musical composer, was born at Wendisch-Ossig near Gérlitz in Silesia, Decem- ber 25, 1728. By the death of his father in 1734 he was left dependent to a large extent on the charity of friends. Entering in 1747 the Kreuzschule in Dresden, the school frequented many years afterwards by Richard Wagner, he afterwards went to the university of Leipsic, where he studied jurisprudence, supporting himself by giving music lessons, and also by performing at concerts both on the flute and as a vocalist. Gradually he adopted music as his sole profession, and devoted himself more especially to the per- manent establishment of a concert institute at Leipsic. It was indeed he who originated (in 1781) the celabrated Gewandhaus concerts which still flourish at Leipsic. In 1789 he became “cantor” of the Thomas school there, a position previously held by the great Johu Sebastian Bach. Mle died June 16, 1804. Two of his pupils placed a monument to his memory in front of the Thomas school. Hiller’s compositions are numerous, and comprise almost every kind of church music, from the cantata to the simple chorale. But infinitely more important are his operettas, 14 in number, which for a long time retained their place on the boards, and had considerable influence on the development of light dramatic music in Germany. The Jolly Cobbler, Love in the Country, and the Village Barber were amongst the most popular of his works. Hiller also excelled in songs and ballads of the sentimental kind. With great simplicity of structure his music com- bines a considerable amount of genuine melodic invention. Although an admirer and imitator of the Italian school, Hiller fully appreciated the greatness of Handel, for the appreciation of whose music in Germany he did much. It was under his direction that the Jfessiah was for the first time given at Berlin, more than forty years after the composition of that great work. Hiller was also a writer on music, and for some years (1766-1770) edited a musical weekly periodical named Wochentliche Nachrichten und Anmerkungen die Musik betreffend.  HILL TIPPERAH, a native state adjoining the British district of Tipperah, Bengal, lying between 22° 59’ and 24° ol N. lat., and between 91° 12’ and 92° 24’ E. long., with en area of about 3867 square miles, and population (1878) 75,792. It is bounded on the N. by the Assam district of Sylhet, on the W. by the Bengal districts of Tipperah and Noakhali, on the 8. by Nodékhalf and Chittagong districts, and on the E. by the Lushai country and the Chittagong Hill Tracts. As its name implies the country is hilly. Five or six ranges of hills run parallel from north to south, at an average distance of about 12 miles from each other. The hills are covered for the most part with bamboo jungle, while the low ground abounds with trees of various kinds, canebrakes, and swamps. ‘The principal ranges are, begin- ning from the east, the Jampui, Sakkankhang, Langtarai, and Atha4ramura. The chief rivers are the Gumti, Haord, Khozai, Dulai, Manu, and Pheni. During the heavy rains the people in the plains use boats as almost the sole means of conveyance. The forests give shelter to numbers of wild elephants and other large game. Small game of various kinds are met with.

1em 1em 1em  HILTON, (1786–1839), English painter, was born in Lincoln on 3d June 1786, son of a portrait-painter, who was probably his first instructor. In 1800 he was placed with the engraver J. R. Smith, and about the same time began studying in the Royal Academy Schovl. He first exhibited in this institution in 1803, sending a group of Banditti; and, though he could not be called a popular artist, he soon established a reputation for choice of subject, and qualities of design and colour superior to the great mass of his contemporaries. He made a tour in Italy along with Thomas Phillips, the portrait-painter. In 1814, having exhibited Miranda and Ferdinand with the Logs of Wood, he was elected an associate of the Academy, and in 1820 a full academician, his diploma-picture representing Ganymede. In 1823 he produced Christ crowned with Thorns, a large and important work, which has lately been bought by the Academy out of the Chantrey Fund ; this may be regarded as his masterpiece, displaying all the qualities which go to make up pictorial propriety and efficiency, though it does not entitle Hilton to the praise of