Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 11.djvu/842

Rh 804 TABLE OF GENERIC DETERMINATIVE SIGNS continued. TABLE OF GENERIC DETERMINATIVE SIGNS continued. SIGN. VARIANTS REl RI SEJSTIKG DETERMINING IDEAS. SIGN. VARIANTS. REPRESENTING DETERMINING IDEAS. 71 canal, or road ways, journeys ; separa o tion, to chase ; times, 91 o o o (often con rings metals ; precious solids ; periods fused with resins, &c. 92) 72 nrrrn block of stone stones, bricks, different kinds of rocks; objects 92 o o o .. . round grains sand; powder; flour in stone ; mineral sub stances 93 Q packet to envelop, embalm ; develop, count 73 _jfcc&amp;lt; boat ships, boats ; navigation ; j voyages, journeys 94 Q~j same, with jet smells (good and bad) . j of liquid and odnriferousobjects ; 74 ) ) ? sail sails; air; to breathe; filth, corruption Y freshness, pleasure ; winds and their geo THE READING OF IDEOGRAPHIC SIGNS. graphical directions The Egyptians used not only simple letters and 75 &amp;lt;=*=* roll of papyrus writings, books ; designs, paintings; calculations, syllabic signs, but also ideographs, to write words. The reading- of these ideographs is obtained in divers quantities ; to know, ways. It is often furnished by the analysis of proper thought, &c. names of which there are transcriptions, though the 76 tie of a roll to write, books ; know result is sometimes approximative. Another method is
 * &amp;gt;&amp;lt; ^

ledge ; to tie, close, the study of variants , when a phonetic form of a word finish replaces the ideographic sign, in the same text. Often also the ideograph is written as a determinative after 77 k^l (varied) cover of mum my-case ; dif ferent forms of mummy-case, embalm ing ; abode, divers places the phonetic equivalent. (Hence the great importance of publishing collations of known texts, a work to be case recommended to new students.) 78 1 post to wandor, journey, land ; foreign peoples and names; impiety, When a word is written by a single ideograph, and above all when it is a substantive, it is most commonly distinguished by the marks 1, c, or their combinations &c. ^ 1, ^^. Thus i v. i is the letter s, ^ | , le, the 79 graver, or plane? basin. ^ bone; to clean, em THE COMBINATION OF SIGNS OF DIFFERENT balm, &c. KINDS IN WRITING WORDS. 80 V, cnife, or sword In texts w hich shew a certain development, and above beat ; separate ; whet all in hieratic manuscripts, where the signs are always 81 oaf jread ; victuals ; provi more abundant, many words are written phonetically and Q==D sions of all kinds; followed by one or more determinatives. In such a riches case, the determinative which is most general is written 82 . )asket with dia estivals ; joy, pleasure last : thus &quot;?k AAA/WA -&amp;gt;2. X T& ^ Wu ^b-_. kanen, &quot;to become mond-shaped object __^ /*. -&amp;gt; J L &quot;yj=J weak, feebleness&quot; Copt. (JftOff; soft,- where thephonetic letters are followed by the determinatives for (i) repose. 83 u Basket largeness ; victuals and offerings carried in basket ./ i i / i. f feebleness, (2) crossing, bending, (3) evil, unfortunate. A word expressed by an ideograph may be followed by a generic determinative. (The same is the case when 84 If vase with cover oil; wax ; perfumes ; salt a word is written phonetically with its ideograph as a provisions first determinative, of course special.) 85 =0= ./vv vase, or double )erfumes, fats, ointments; EXPLETIVE SIGNS. especially n vase wine; liquids in general There are i few expletives which were not pronounced, 80 ^, tor wine) vase midst ; repose ; heart ; and had a purely graphic use. The most important is the feelings roll ^-~-,, the determinative of writing, knowledge, &c. 87 . X paltisi* crossing; mixture; mul tiplication ; flexion, It is sometimes used as a sign of separation or as disjunc tive. The signs o, 1, ^ 1, ^ o, are often used as pure reflexion ; transitive expletives, adding nothing to the idea or the sound. 1 or ve rbs &amp;lt;=&amp;gt; is frequently added to a determinative; it is almost 88 8 cnot or aacket stuffs, dresses ; bands, &c. the rule, when the space needs it : I-~ &amp;lt;y&amp;gt; &amp;lt;_ &amp;gt; &&amp;gt; mennefcr, Memphis. In such cases the expletive 89 CZDt oval band (or oval, orbit; name (names j ordinarity follows the g-ender of the substantive, | for seal ?) of royal personages ! written within deter minative) masc., &amp;lt;=&amp;gt; for fern. The phonetic value of &amp;lt;=, t, as feminine final, sometimes causes perplexity, but its expletive character is clear in other cases. The sign I, which (like 90 o ring or circle renewal; a time; totality ; ^) is not always expletive, has similar uses. It is circle written after &amp;lt;rr&amp;gt;, thus &amp;lt;^ &amp;gt;, even for final r. With v 1 ;
 * o lessen, polish ; ivory,
 * o cut, prick, &c. ; kill,