Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 11.djvu/823

Rh 1618 he began to read college lectures on cosmography (z.e., geography) with such acceptance that his associates made him fellow of Magdalen. The lectures, under the title of Microcosmos, were published in 1621; and many editions of this useful book, each somewhat enlarged, subsequently appeared, until scarcely any scholar’s library was without a copy. In 1625 he published his observations on a journey to France. This book—which was frequently reprinted— Southey termed “one of our liveliest books of travel in its lighter parts, and one of the wisest and most replete with information that was ever written by a young man.” After obtaining the patronage of Laud, whose life he wrote, Heylin was made chaplain to Charles J. His legendary and learned //istory of St George of Cappadocia procured for him the rectory of Hemningford, Hunts ; his hearty attachment to the High-Anglican party brought many other prefer- ments; and his analysis of Prynne’s JZistriomastix was rewarded by the rectory of Islip. He was also made a prebendary of Westminster (9th November 1631), treasurer to the chapter (1637), and subsequently sub-dean. Here he was the bitter opponent of the rule of Bishop Williams, the commendatory dean. With great ardour Heylin entered into the religious controversies which preceded the war, being equally hostile to the Puritan element within and without the church. He was consequently singled out for punishnnent by the committees of the Long Parliament, who deprived him of benefices worth £800, and heavily fined him. An amusing anecdote he tells affords proof of his unpopularity in London, and at the same time shows how his Cosmography was appreciated. As he passed along the street a fellow ‘‘shouldered” him with the remark, “ Geography is better than Divinity.” For seven years, he says, his name was in almost every libel. He retire to his Hampshire parsonage of Alresford until Waller’s army disturbed him. Robbed there of his library, valued at £1000, and his property, he went to Oxford, where from Ist June 1643 he edited AMercurius Aulicus, a vivacious but virulent news-sheet which greatly annoyed the Parliamentarians. His Lxtraneus Vapulans, written against L’Estrange (who wittily retorted that a prelate should be “no striker”), refers to his sufferings and hardships. The necessary quiet for his literary pursuits was ultimately found at Lacy’s Court, Abingdon, whence were dated several books and pamphlets against those of his own communion whose opinions were not as unyielding as his, as also against the Presbyterians and others, controversies in which Ussher, Fuller, Baxter, and Harrington were con- cerned. His works, all more or Jess marred by political or theological rancour, were upwards of fifty in number; and they comprise histories of Episcopacy, of the Reformation, an of the Presbyterians, with a useful Help to English History. Some verses of merit also came from his active pen; and his poetical memorial of Bishop Waynflete was published by the Caxton Society in 1851. Heylin was a diligent writer and investigator, a good ecclesiastical lawyer, and had his learning always at command. His principles, to which he was honestly attached, were defended with ability ; but his efforts to uphold the church passed unre- cognized at the Restoration. His sight began to fail him ; yet he rejoiced that his “ old bad eyes” had seen the king’s return. Upon that event he preached ajubilant sermon in Westminster Abbey to a great audience, 29th May 1661. He died on 8th May in the following year, and was buried two days after under his sub-dean’s seat.

1em  HEYNE, (1729–1812), one of the most distinguished critics and archeologists of the modern school of which Ernesti and Gesner were the founders, was born on the 25th of September 1729, in a suburb of the city of Chemnitz in Saxony, where his father, who had been compelled by sume religious persecutions to abandon his native country of Silesia, earned a precarious support for his family by exercising the trade of a weaver. It was only by the liberality of his godfathers that Heyne was enabled to obtain his primary instruction in the elementary school of Chemnitz, and afterwards to prosecute his classical studies in the gymnasium of that city. In 1748 he entered the university of Leipsic, with the professed intention of studying for the legal profession. There he was so scantily supported by those on whose assistance he relied that he was frequently in want even of the common necessaries of life, and was sometimes indebted for food to the generosity of a maid-servant in the house where he lodged. In this situation, without even the hope of future distinction, he continued to struggle on against every difficulty and dis- appointment in the acquisition of knowledge. For six months he is said to have allowed only two nights in the week to sleep, and he was at the same time forced to endure his godfather’s reproaches for negligence in the prosecution of his studies, His distress had almost amounted to despair, when he procured the situation of tutor in the family of a French merchant resident in Leipsic. He was thus enabled to continue his studies, though with much interruption,—the emoluments of his appointment being sufficient to support him in what was at least comparative comfort. Under Ernesti he was initiated into the criticism of the classical authors ; from the prelections of the celebrated Bach he acquired a competent knowledge of Roman jurisprudence ; and by Christius, who lectured on archeology, his atten- tion was strongly directed to the works of ancient art. Even after he had finished his studies at the university, he was exposed four many years to all the accumulated distresses of poverty and neglect. The first situation he was able to procure was that of copyist in the library of Count von Briihl in Dresden, with a salary of somewhat less than twenty pounds sterling, which he obtained in the year 1753. From the necessity of adding something to this scanty pittance, he was forced to employ himsclf in the drudgery of translation; and, besides some French novels, he rendered into German the Greek romance of Chariton. He published his first edition of Zibullus in 1755, and in 1756 his £pictetus. In the latter year the Seven Years’ War broke out; Dresden was entered, and the Saxon archives seized; the Briihl ministry fell ; and Heyne was once more in a state of absolute destitution. In 1757 he was offered a tutorship in the household of Frau von Schénberg, and there he first became acquainted with Teresa Weiss, whom he subsequently married. In January 1759 he accompanied his pupil to the university of Wittenberg, at which more than a year was spent in the study of philosophy and German history, but from which he was driven in 1760 by the Prussian cannon. The bombardment of Dresden (to which city he had meanwhile returned) on July 18, 1760, destroyed not only his humble lodging but also all his worldly possessions, which included amongst other valuable papers an almost finished edition of Lucian based on a valuable codex of the Dresden Library. In the summer of 1761 he married, althongh still without any fixed means of support ; and for some time he found it necessary wholly to suspend his literary pursuits that he might devote himself to the duties of the office of land- steward, to which he had been charitably appointed in the household of the Baron von Liében in Lusatia. He was enabled, however, to return to Dresden in the end of 1762, where he was commissioned by Lippert to prepare the Latin text of the third volume of his Dactyliotheca. At length, in the commencement of the year 1763, Heyne’s 