Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 11.djvu/777

Rh 1em

1em (undefined)  HERMANN, (–), classical editor and, was at  on  28,. Entering the of  at the precocious, Hermann at first  , but his inclination to classical learning was too strong to be resisted, and accordingly, after a session spent at  in –, he became a  on  in. In he was appointed professor extraordinarius of  at the  there, and after refusing an invitation to proceed to  as  of a, he was in  chosen  of. In he received the  of  in addition. He died, senior of the, on 31,.

1em  HERMANN, (–), one of the leading representatives of classical investigation in, was  4,, at. His early was received partly at  and partly at, and his   were carried on at  and. On his return from a tour in he habilitated in  as privat-docent in ; in  he was called to Marburg as professor ordinarius of ; and in  he was transferred to  to fill the  left vacant by the death of. Both at and  he likewise held the office of director of the. He died at on the 8th of  1856. Hermann’s scholarship took in a wide and ever-widening horizon; but his vision was clear and steady, and he knew well how to portray for other eyes the scenes that shaped themselves with new life before his own. Among his more important s are the Lehrbuch der griechischen Antiquitäten, of which the first portion deals with, the second  with , and the third  with  antiquities; the Geschichte und System der Platonischen Philosophie ; an edition of the Platonic Dialogues (6 vols., , –); and Culturgeschichte der Griechen und Römer (, –, 2 vols.),  after his death by G.Schmidt. A collection of Abhandlungen und Beiträge zur class. Literatur und Alterthumskunde appeared in, but the great mass of his s and s, which deal with a vast variety of , , , and subjects, are still unarranged. See Lechner, Zur Erinnerung an K.F. Hermann.  HERMANNSTADT (Hungarian Nagy-Szelen, Latin Cibinium), chief town of an Hungarian county of the eame name, is advantageously situated on the Szeben, an affluent of the Aluta, about 72 miles S.E. of Kolozsvar (Klausen- burg), and is the terminus of the Kapus and Nagy-Szeben branch line of railway, in 45 48 N. lat. and 24 9 E. long. It is the see of a Greek Orthodox bishop, the meeting place of the Lutheran consistory for the Transylvanian circle, and the headquarters both of the honve d (or &quot;defence-militia&quot;) and of the regular infantry and artillery of the district ; and it also possesses royal courts of law and assizes, and offices ef finance, assay, state survey, and engineering. Hermannstadt has a somewhat mediaeval appearance, the streets being often narrow, and the houses built in the old German style. Of the squares the most striking is the large quadrangular market-place. The public buildings comprise Roman and Greek Catholic, Greek Orthodox, Calvinist, and Lutheran churches, a royal law academy, both Roman Catholic and Lutheran gymnasia, a Greek Orthodox seminary for priests, a hospital for the insane, foundling and orphan homes, Franciscan and Ursulan retreats, a house of correction, civil and military hospitals, county and town halls, the infantry and large new artillery barracks, the town theatre, the &quot;Transylvania&quot; assurance office, the &quot; Albina &quot; bank, and, above all, the Bruckenthal palace with its fine museum and library. Among the industrial establishments are factories for the preparation of soap, candles, soda, sulphuric acid, bone-dust, paper, cloth, linen, leather, caps, boots, combs, and building materials. There are also printing houses, tanneries, and rope-walks, several distilleries, and a large brewery. A brisk trade is carried on both at the regular weekly markets and at the special fairs. The civil in 1870 was 18,998, of whom about two-thirds were of German (Saxon) and the remainder of Roumanian and Magyar extraction.

1em  HERMAS. See,.  HERMENEUTICS,, is that branch of theo logical science which treats of the principles of Scripture interpretation. Variously described as the theory of the dis covery and communication of the thoughts of Holy Scrip ture (Lange), the science of attaining clearness both in comprehending and in explaining the sense of the Biblical authors (Ernesti), the methodological preparation for the interpreter and for exegesis (Doedes), the science of the removal of differences between us and the sacred writers (Immer), it has for its task to determine the laws of valid exegetical practice. Schleiermacher and Klausen have limited it to the doctrine of what the interpreter has to observe in order to put himself in possession of the mind of Scripture. The former defines it as a discipline which looks simply to the reader s own apprehension, not to the conveyance of the meaning ascertained to others; which latter is to be regarded, he thinks, as but a particular division of the art of speaking and writing. It has been 