Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 11.djvu/734

Rh 700 H E II A L D R Y [COMMON CHARGES. of the order of the Temple. A grey horse is a Hard, a bay a bay ard. When in the Held he is free, when in harness barded and caparisoned. Trevelyan of Xettleeombe, whose ancestor is supposed, in Cornwall, to have come out of the sea at the Land s Kncl ready mounted, incongruously enough, upon a land horse, bears gules, a demi land horse issuant from the water, all proper. Ilor.sey of Mclcombc-IIorsey : azure, three horses heads couped, bitted, and reined or. The Ass, probably the wild ass endued with sublimity in the book of Job, found a place on the shield of the old Cheshire family of Hockenhull, argent, an ass s head erased sable. The Ham. Recently a valuable silver dish was fished up from &quot;Whittlesea Mere, having rams heads at each end, evidently once the property of the Abbey. Kumsey Abbey, &quot; Ramsey the rich,&quot; bore or, on a bend azure three rams heads couped argent, armed of the field. The Slicep is occasionally seen, but the Lamb from its religious association was in general use. The Pascal Lamb was one of the cognizances of the Templars, and is adopted with equal propriety by the gentlemen of the long robe. As the &quot; Lamb and Flag &quot; it is known extensively in South Wales. Price of Park and other descendants of Jestyn ap Gwrgant bore it as a crest. Lambton of Lambton : sable, a fess between three lambs trippant argent. The fleece of the sheep gave name to the great Burgundian order, and the toison d or was its jewel. It probably refers to the pas toral wealth of Burgundy, but is said to have been founded by Philip the Good, in allusion, not to the bad faith of Jason, but to the prowess of Gideon. The Goat. William de Capraville bore a goat &quot; exsilicns.&quot; Thorwold of Marston : sable, three goats saliant argent. The Coney. Coningsby of Hampton Court : gules, three coneys argent. The Otter. L outre was used as a supporter by Lultrel of Dunster. The Squirrel. Xutshaw : argent, a squirrel sejant nibbling a nut, a l proper, from a hatchment in Claybrook Church. The Hedgehog, herison, ericius. In the church of Gamelston, Notts, is a fine effigy in chain mail of the end of the 13th century, of one of the family of Heriz, and on the shield are three hedgehogs. They bore azure, three hedgehogs or. The hedgehog is also borne by the Maxwells for the lordship of Herries. The Mole. Mitford of Jlitford : ar$cnt, a fess sable between three moles proper. The Ermine., the fur of which is borne widely, is scarcely known in heraldry as an animal. The reader will, however, remember the three ermines in the windows of Waverley House. BIRDS. The bird of heraldry before all others is the Eagle, Ihe symbol of the fourth evangelist. Its earliest and chief popularity was in Germany, where it was adopted by the empire and by many of the principal sovereign princes. It appears but twice in the roll of Henry III., but after his brother Richard, earl of Cornwall, became king of the Romans, he adopted the eagle, which on that account was to be seen in all the armorial glass of the midland churches, and was widely copied in private coats of arms. His son Edmund, while bearing &quot; Cornwall&quot; for his arms, suspended his shield from the beak, and placed it on the breast of an eagle in reference to his father s rank. In the roll of Edward II. there are forty-three examples of eagles. The nobles of the old Holy Roman empire place their shields upon the breast of an eagle, as may be seen in England in the insignia of the duke of Marlborough as a prince, and of the earl of Denbigh and Lord Arundel of Ward our as counts, of that empire. The imperial eagle is always represented with two heads, the origin of which is obscure. The emperor Frederick II. on his con temporary shield in Westminster Abbey has a single-headed eagle. The second head is supposed to have been produced by the dimidi- ation of two coats, each an eagle, but this is scarcely probable. The eagle of the house of Brandenburg has but one head. Some of the North Wales gentry, headed by Sir Watkin Williams Wynn, place their shields upon the breast of an eagle, single-headed, and the practice is not unknown in Scotland. The seal of the widow of one of the Warwickshire Harpurs in the time of Edward 1 [. gives an eagle, and in his two claws shields of her husband s arms and her own. Besides the eagles of Austria, Brandenburg, Russia, imperial France, and the United States, the bird was the emblem of Este, Bohemia, and Moravia, of many of the German, Italian, and French nobles, and of many very ancient English and Scottish names, as Monthermer, Bedingfield, Biddulph, Glvn, Weston, in England, and Ramsay, Maxwell, and Carnegie, in Scotland. The great financiers Rothschild use an eagle for their arms. The eagle is always shown &quot; displayed,&quot; that is, upright, with his breast to the front, and his legs, tail, and wings expanded, what is commonly known as a spread eagle. When the beaks and talons of birds of prey are specified, they are said to be beaked and armed. In the roll of Henry III., Sir Dru de Barenton bore sable, three eagles or, and his descendents in the reign of Edward II. had increased the number to six and gave them argent. Piers Gaveston bore six eagles upon his shield and horse furniture. Peter, earl of Richmond and Savoy, who built the Savoy Palace in 1250, and was uncle of Eleanor, queen of Henry III., on the shield of his monumental effigy at Aqua Bella bears an eagle for Savoy. The cross, the later arms of that house, appears on the pommel of his sword. Long before this, about 1142, when Mathieu de Montmorenci married Adela of Savoy, he added four alerions or eaglets to his arms, probably in compliment to his wife, who bore an eagle displayed ; and certainly in 1206 the acknowledged arms of the house of Savoy were an eagle. Parts of birds, especially of eagles, are borne, as the head, wings, legs, and feathers. When feathers are used, and the quill is of a special colour, they are said to be quilled. When a bird is leaving the ground it is &quot; rising,&quot; when on the wing it is &quot; an vol,&quot; when the wings are down it is &quot; closed,&quot; when open &quot;disclosed.&quot; Bedingfeld of Oxburgh : ermine, an eagle displayed barry argent and gules (fig. 104). Glynne of Hawarden : argent, a two-headed eagle sable (fig. 10. r j). Culcheth of Culcheih : argent, an eagle disclosed, prcyant on a child in a mantle Rules, wattled or. This is the crest of Stanley, well known in Lancashire as the bird and bantling. Aubrey of Llantrithyd : azure, a chevron between three eagles heads erased or. Seymour: gules, two eagles wings conjoined in lure or (fig. 10G).i Bray of Sliere : argent, a chevron between three eagles legs erased h la qutee (&quot;cuisse,&quot; that is, removed at the thigh) sable, armed gules (fig 107). The Falcon, as an accessory to field sports, was much esteemed, and is often borne in heraldry. It is also called a gerfalcon, pere grine falcon, and tiercelet. The falcon is usually borne with the jesses or leather thongs about its legs, sometimes with a hood and bells. It is then jessed, hooded, and belled. When feeding it is &quot;at prey.&quot; The lure was a bunch of feathers towards which the bird was taught to return. On the seal of Alice, countess of Eu (1234-42), she bears on her hand a falcon with its jesses pendant. It was the custom to slip over the claws of the young birds a silver ring, which could not afterwards be removed. Two such rings were found at Castle Hedingham, the seat of the De Veres, engraved &quot; Ox-en-forde.&quot; One of gold found at Biggleswade bore &quot;Sum regis Anglia-,&quot; and within the ring &quot; et comitis Herfordia 1. &quot; How ever well trained, these birds were always liable to prove lifters, that is, not to return to the lure &quot; For though thou night and day take of him hede, And strew his cage faire and soft as silk, And give him sugre, hony, bred, and milke, Yet right anon so that his door is up He with his feet will spun-en down his cup, And to the wood he will, and wormes,&quot; tc. Falconer of Halkerton bore originally gules, three hawks lures or. After a marriage with Douglas they bore or, a falcon s head proper, issuant out of a man s heart gules between three stars azure. The English Falconers bore argent, three falcons gules, jessed, belled, and hooded or (fig 108). Fig. 108. Fig. 109. Fig. 110. Degge : or, on a bend azure, three falcons rising argent, jessed and belled of the field. Baker : argent, on a fess gules three falcons heads erased of the field. Ridley of Blaydon : gules, a chevron between three gos-hawks argent. Aldrington : sable, three hawks lures penned, stringed, and ringed argent. The Sivan was the cognizance of the Bohuns. Humphrey, earl of Hereford, in 1319, bequeathed to his son &quot; un lit entier de vert poudre de cynes blanches.&quot; When gorged with a ducal coronet having a gold chain attached to it, it is called a cygnet royal. The swan was marked or nicked according to the rank of its owner. By a statute of 22 Edward IV. no man having less than five marks 1 Heralds differ about the blazoning of this coat. The old terms, gules, a pair of wings displayed or, were thought scarcely clear. York described it as gu es, two wings conjoined in fess or. Ralph Brooke takes refuge in French with &quot; Deux vols de 1 aigle en-cceur; but &quot;vol,&quot; says Camden, &quot;is a complete pair of wings.&quot; Guillim gives &quot;a pair of wings inverted and conjoined.&quot; Who elmll decide amidst so many weartis of the tabard