Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 11.djvu/658

624 1em  HEIDELOFF, (1788–1865), a German architect, was the son of Victor Peter Heideloff, a painter of some reputation, and was born at Stuttgart 2d February 1788. He studied at the art academy of his native town, anlafter following the profession of an archi- tect for some time at Coburg was in 1818 appointed city architect at Nuremberg. In 1822 he became professor at the polytechnic school, and some years later he was chosen conservator of the monuments of art. Heideloff devoted his chief attention to the Gothic style of architecture, and the buildings restored and erected by him at Nuremberg and in its neighbourhood attest both his original skill and his purity of taste. He also achieved some success as an historical painter. He died at Hassfurt 28th September 1865.

1em  HEILBRONN, a town of Wiirtemberg, in the circle of the Neckar, is situated in a pleasant and fruitful valley on the Neckar, and at the junction of several railways, 26 miles N. of Stuttgart. It is the seat of a circle court, a jury court, a superior tribunal, a head tax office, and a chamber of commerce. In the older part of the town the streets are narrow, and it contains a number of high turreted houses with quaintly adorned gables. The old fortifications have now been demolished, and their site is occupied by prome- nades, outside of which are the more modern parts of the town with wide streets and many handsome buildings. The principal public buildings are the church of St Kilian, in the Gothic and Renaissance styles, begun in and completed in, with an elegant tower 210 feet high, a beautiful choir, and a finely carved altar; the town-house, founded in, and possessing a collection of interesting documents ; the house of the Teutonic knights, now used as barracks; the Catholic church of St Joseph; the tower on the Neckar, in which Gotz von Berlichingen was confined in ; the synagogue, the prison, and the hospital. The educational establishments include a gym- nasium, a real-school of the second order, an agricultural school, and a female school of industry. The town ina commercial point of viewis the most important in Wiirtem- berg, and possesses au immense varicty of manufactures, of which the principal are gold, silver, steel, and iron wares, machines, sugar of lead, white lead, vinegar, beer, eau de Cologne, sugar, tobacco, soap, oil, cement, sulphuric acid, tartaric acid, artificial manure, glue, soda, tapestry, thread, and cloth. Grapes, fruit, vegetables, and flowering shrubs are largely grown in the neighbourhood, and there are large quarrics for sandstone and gypsum. By means of the Neckar a considerable trade is carried on in wood, bark, leather, agricultural produce, fruit, and cattle. The in 1875 was 21,209.

1em  HEILIGENSTADT, a town of Prussian Saxony, government district of Erfurt, is situated on the Leine and on the railway from Halle to Cassel, 32 miles E.N.E. of Cassel. Tt possesses an old castle, formerly belonging to the electors of Mainz, one Evangelical and two Catholic churches, a Catholic gymnasium, a Catholic normal school, two orphanages, and an infirmary. The principal manufactures are woollen wares, cigars, paper, bone dust, and needles. The in 1875 was 5193.

1em  HEILSBERG, a town of Prussia, capital of a circle in the government district of Kdnigsberg, is situated at the junction of the Simser and Alle, 38 miles 8. of K6nigsberg. It has one Evangelical and two Catholic churches, and an old castle formerly the seat of the prince-bishops of Erm- land, but now used as an infirmary. The principal industries are cloth-weaving, yarn and thread spinning, dyeing, and brewing, and there is considerable trade in grain. The of the town in 1875 was 5762.

1em  HEILSBRONN, or, a market- village in the Bavarian government of Middle Franconia, with a station on the railway between Nuremberg and Ansbach. In 1871 it had only 998 inhabitants, but in the Middle Ages it was the seat of one of the great monas- teries of Germany. This foundation, which belonged to the Cistercian order, owed its origin to Bishop Otto of Bamberg m, and continued to exist till. Its sepulchral monuments, many of which are figured by Hocker, ezlsbronnischer Antiquitdtenschatz (Ansbach, 1731–40), were of exceptionally high artistic interest, ten burgraves of Nuremberg (it was their hereditary burial- place), three electoral princes, five margraves of Branden- burg, and many other persons of note having been laid to rest within its walls. The buildings of the monastery have all disappeared, with the exception of the fine church, restored between 1851 and !866. The “Monk of Heils- bronn” is the ordinary appellation of a didactic poct of the, whose Seven Degrees, Daughter of Syon, and Life of Saint Alextus were published by Merzdorf at Berlin in 1870.

1em  HEIM, (1787–1865), French painter, belongs to that group of painters in whose works we find the special characteristics of the Restoration. Born at Belfort on 16th December 1787, he early distinguished himself at the Ecole Centrale of Strasburg, and in 1803 entered the studio of Vincent at Paris. In 1807 he obtained the first prize, and in 1812 his picture of The Return of Jacob (Musée de Bordeaux) won for him a gold medal of the first class, which he again obtained in 1817, when he exhibited, together with other works, a St Jolm —bought by Vivant Denon. In 1819 the Resurrection of Lazarus (Cathédral Autun), the Martyrdom of St Cyr (St