Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 11.djvu/560

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1em 1em  HAWAIIAN SANDWICH ISLANDS,, a group of eight inhabited and four uninhabited islands in the, lying between 18°54′ and 22° 2′N. and 155° and 161°W. The group has a trend of about N. 64° W., which is nearly the trend of all the groups. From Honolulu, the capital, on Oahu, the distance to is 2100 ; to, , 3810 ; to , , 4484 ; to , 3440 ; to , 4393 ; to , 2380. The first of the s by which the group is designated above is taken from that of the largest island Hawaii, and is the adopted by the inhabitants. The other was given to it by  the discoverer, in  of the, first  of the  at the.   .&mdash;These islands, the most important n group in the, were discovered by in. He was received by the natives with many demonstrations of astonishment and delight; and s and s were presented to him by their in one of the ; and though in the  he was killed by a native when he landed in Kealakeakua  in Hawaii, his  were preserved by the  and continued to receive s and  from the people, until the abolition of. At the each island had its. On the death of the who ruled Hawaii at  there succeeded one d Kamehameha, who appears to have been a man of quick perception and great force of character. When visited the islands in, this  being desirous of possessing a  on the an model, the  of one was  for him. or MrTurnbull found him with 20  of from 25 to 50  which d amongst the islands, and he afterwards d others from foreigners. Having encouraged a like spirit in his people and introduced, Kamehameha attacked and overcame the s of the other islands one after another, until he became undisputed master of the whole group. He encouraged, and derived from its a large increase of  as well as the means of consolidating his power. He died in, and was succeeded by his son, a mild and well-disposed , but destitute of his father’s energy. One of the first of Kamehameha II. was to abolish and  throughout the islands. Some disturbances were caused thereby, but the were defeated and the peace of the islands has been scarcely broken since. In  arrived from  and commenced their labours at Honolulu. A short time afterwards the presented a small  to the, and this afforded an opportunity for the , the well-known  , to visit Honolulu, along with a number of  natives from the. Finding the of the two groups nearly the same,, who had spent several s in the s, was able to assist the   in reducing the  to a. In the  and  of these islands paid a visit to, and both died there of. For many s the Hawaiians have continued to advance steadily in, , and , but their progress has been at times interrupted by the conduct of the of foreign powers. On one occasion a  went so far as to take possession of Oahu and establish a  for its ; and   abrogated the, dictated , and by force of  established the   in the. The act of the  was disavowed by his superiors as soon as known; and these outrages led to a  on the part of the native  to the  of, , and the , and the independence of the islands was d by these powers in. Kalakaua, the reigning, was   by  on Lunalilo’s death without  in. The to the  is a sister of the, Lelia Kamakacha, and is  to an. Inhabitants.&mdash;By the taken in  the  of the whole group amounted to 57,985 s, instead of 56,897 as in. The number of natives of pure Hawaiian was 44,088, of half s 3420,  5916,   1276,  883,  430,  272,  81, other foreigners 666, and Hawaiians  of foreign parents 947. The natives belong to the -. Their reddish-brown has been compared to the hue of tarnished. The, usually black, is straight or at most wavy; the  is thin, the  broad, the profile not prominent, the  rather flattened, and the  thick. The bulk of the are of moderate, but the s and the women of their  are remarkable for height.

