Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 11.djvu/527

Rh it ; and the result was so satisfactory that the commissioners gave him 500 to carry out further improvements. Harrison worked at the subject with the utmost persever ance, and, after making several watches, went up to London in 1761 with one which he considered very perfect. His son William was sent on a voyage to Jamaica to test it ; anl, 0:1 his return to Portsmouth in 1762, the watch was found to have lost only 1 minute 54| seconds. This was sur prisingly accurate, as it determined the longitude within 18 miles, and Harrison claimed the full reward of &quot;20,000. After some further trials 10,000 of it was paid to him in 1765, and the remainder in 1767, after he had written such a description of his instrument as would enable other artists to copy it. . Harrison died in 1776, at the age of eighty- two. His want of early education was felt by him greatly throughout life. He was unfortunately never able to ex press his ideas clearly in writing, although in conversation he could give a very precise and exact account of his many intricate mechanical contrivances. He wrote a book en titled Description concerning such Mechanism as u ill afford a Nice or True Mensuration of Times.  HARRISON, (–), ninth of the, third son of, was  at ,  , ,  9,. In he joined the  with the  of, and in the  he became  and acted as  to  in his expedition against the. He was promoted to a cy in, but resigned in on being appointed  of the. In he was chosen to represent  in, and after its division in  he became  of the new  of  and superintendent of  with the , over whom, on the breaking out of  in , he gained the important  of. In as major- and commander of the north-western  he defeated the  at the  of the Thames. In he concluded a  with the, and in the  he resigned his. He was in  member of  for, in  member of the  of , in   , and in   to , an  which he held for less than a , when he retired for a time into private life. By the urgent request of the he was induced in  to stand for the  of the, and though unsuccessful, he at the next  in  defeated the same   by an overwhelming majority, after a  memorable for the extraordinary enthusiasm it awakened, and  important for its introduction of new  methods—many of the most characteristic features of   having their origin in this &ldquo;Harrison campaign.&rdquo; He was scarcely spared, however, to enter upon the discharge of his duties as , dying  4, , about a  after his. Harrison at  in  a small  on the  entitled A Discourse on the Aborigines of the Ohio Valley.  HARROGATE, a town and watering-place in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England, is beautifully situated on a fine plateau near the River Nidd, 18 miles W. of York. It is indebted for its rise and importance to its medicinal springs, and is now the principal inland watering-place in the north of England. It consists of two scattered town ships, Low Harrogate and High Harrogate, which have gradually been connected by a continuous range of hand some houses and villas. A common of 200 acres, which is secured by act of parliament from ever being built upon, stretches in front of the main line of houses, and on this account Harrogate, notwithstanding its rapid increase, has retained all its rural charm. As the town is equidistant from the east and west coasts, its air is supposed to possess certain special qualities, and there is the further advantage of a choice between the more bracing atmosphere of High Harrogate and the sheltered and warm climate of the low town. The waters are chaly beate, sulphureous, and saline, and some of the springs possess all these qualities to a greater or less extent. The principal chalybeate springs are the Tewitt well, called by Dr Bright, who wrote the first account of it, the &quot;English Spa,&quot; discovered by Captain William Slingsby of Bilton Hall about ; the Royal Chalybeate Spa, more commonly known as John s Well, discovered in 1631 by Dr Stanhope of York, and provided with a neat octagonal building erected in 1842; Muspratt s chalybeate or chloride of iron spring discovered in 1819, but first properly analysed by Dr Sheridan Muspratt in 1865; and the Starbeck springs midway between High Harrogate and Knareshorough. The principal sul phur springs are the old sulphur well in the centre of Low Harrogate, discovered about the year 1656 ; the Montpellier springs, the principal well of which was dis covered in 1822, situated in the grounds of the Crown Hotel and surmounted by a handsome building in the Chinese style containing pump-room, baths, and reading- room ; and the Harlow Car springs, situated in a wooded glen about a mile west from Low Harrogate. Near Har low Car is Harlow observatory, a square tower 100 feet in height, standing on elevated ground and commanding a very extensive view. A saline spring situated in Low Harro gate was discovered in 1783. Besides the hotels and churches, the principal public buildings are the High Harrogate college, a boarding-school for young gentlemen; the new Victoria baths, erected in 1871 at a cost of 20,000 ; the Bath hospital for poor patients, founded in 1824 ; and the Rogers almshouses, founded in 1869. About a mile to the south-east of Harrogate the Crymple valley is spanned by a railway viaduct 1850 feet in length. The population of the town in 1861 was 4737, and in 1871 6843.  HARROW-ON-THE-HILL, a village of Middlesex, England, 10 miles N.W. of London, derives the latter part of its name from its position on a hill which rises from the surrounding plain to the height of about 200 feet. On the summit, and forming a conspicuous landmark, is the church of St Mary, said to have been founded by Lanfranc, arch bishop of Canterbury, in the reign of William I., but of the original building very little is now left. Harrow is chiefly celebrated for its school, founded in by John Lyon, a yeoman of the neighbouring village of Preston who had yearly during his life set aside 20 marks for the education of poor children of Harrow. Though the charter was granted by Queen Elizabeth in, and the statutes drawn up by the founder in, two years before his death, it was not till 1611 that the first building was opened for scholars. Lyon originally settled about two-thirds of his property on the school, leaving the remainder for the maintenance of the highway between London and Harrow, but in the course of time the values of the respective endow ments have changed, and while the road commissioners receive about 3500, the school s share is only about 1 600. In 1660 the headmaster, taking advantage of a concession in Lyon s statutes, began to receive &quot;foreigners,&quot; i.e., boys from other parishes, who were to pay for their education. From this time the prosperity of the school may be dated. In 1809 the parishioners of Harrow appealed to the Court of Chancery against the manner in which the school was conducted, but the decision, while it recognized their privileges, confirmed the right of admission to foreigners. At present foundationers receive their education at a slightly 