Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 11.djvu/462

440 to give to 60,000 persons within its s, and it has an extensive production of  and   and. On one of the s in the is the great Wan-lan-ko or  of  assemblies, and it is said that at the s for the second  twice every three s from 10,000 to 15,000 candidates come together. In the north-east corner of the is the   which was noted by, the  being &ldquo;elaborately  and the s covered with elegantly  .&rdquo; There is a   in Hang-chow, and the , the  , and the  have likewise s. The local  differs from the  mainly in. The, which is remarkable for gaiety of , was formerly reckoned at 2,000,000, but is now variously estimated at 300,000, 400,000, or 800,000.

1em  HANKA, or (1791–1861), a Bohemian philologist, was born at Horeniowes, a hamlet of eastern Bohemia, on June 10, 1791. He attended the village school in winter only, being occupied during the summjr on his father s farm. While still young he acquired a knowledge of Polish and Servian from some soldiers billeted in the neighbourhood, and in 1 807 he was sent to school at Koniggratz, to escape the conscription. Pro ceeding then to Prague, he engaged in the study of philosophy, and founded a society for the cultivation of the Czech language. At Vienna, where he afterwards studied law, he established a Czech periodical ; and in 1813 he made the acquaintance of Dobrowsky, the emi nent philologist. On September 16, 1817, Hanka made th.3 discovery of some ancient Bohemian manuscript poems of the 13th and 14th century in the church-tower of the vill ige of Kr.ilodwor, or Kb niginhof. These were published in 1818, under the title Kralodivorsky Rukopis, with a German translation by Swoboda. Great doubt, however, was felt as to their genuineness ; and Dobrowsky, by pro nouncing The Judgment of Libussa, another manuscript found by Hanka, an &quot; obvious fraud,&quot; confirmed the sus picion. But some years afterwards Dobrowsky saw fit to modify his decision; and in 1840, after a careful examin ation of the manuscripts by two eminent antiquaries, Hanka was ultimately vindicated. A translation into English, The Manuscript of the Queen s Court, was made by Wratis- law in 1852. The originals w T ere presented by the dis coverer to the Bohemian Museum at Prague, of which he was appointed librarian in 1818. In 1848 Hanka took part in the Slavonic congress and other peaceful national demonstrations, being ths founder of the political society Slovanska Lipa. He was elected to the imperial diet at Vienna, but declined to take his seat. In the winter of 1848 he became lecturer and in 1849 professor of Slavonic languages in the university of Prague, where he died, January 12, 1861.

1em  HANKOW (that is, the &ldquo; of the &rdquo;), the great centre of the middle portion of the, and since one of the principal places opened to. It is situated on the northern side of the at its junction with the, about 450s west of  in 30° 32′ 51″N. and 114° 19′ 55″E. , at an absolute height of 150. By the it is not considered a separate, but as a  of the now decadent  of ; and it may almost be said to stand in a similar relation to  the capital of the  of , which lies immediately opposite on the southern  of the. Hankow extends for about a along the  and about two and a half along the. It is protected by a 18 high, which was erected in  at an expense of 250,000, and has a circuit of about 4 s. In  the  was declared open by  and, , and the site of a  settlement was selected in the east end of the , with a  frontage of 2400 , and a depth of from 1200 to 1500. The area, divided into 108 s, was as quickly bought up, and s after the   were erected. s were granted to foreigners as well as to. A  was formed, and by  a great  and a  were completed along the, which has the awkward fashion of  as much as 50 or more above its ordinary levels, and not unfrequently, as in  and , lays a large part of the. On the former occasion little was left uncovered but the s of the s. The success of the foreign settlement has not been so great as was anticipated: even in the number of foreign residents was 125 instead of 150 as in. merchants have rapidly got even the into their : in  they began to run  on the ; in  they purchased the  of the   ; and in  they had 57  flying the. Besides, which is the staple, the of Hankow are  , of which 6,700,000 was sent to  in , raw  mainly obtained from , , s, and. Of this last the quantity was as much as 2937 at 20 per. was first sent direct to in –; in  this  received from Hankow no less than 34,540,000 out of a total  of 86,402,271. The n merchants, who are fixing their  in the, obtained 12,844,476 in the. They send their goods by to, and thence to  partly by  and partly by. A public  was established at Hankow in. The, the , and the have all  in the ; and there are two  s. Before the , the full brunt of which fell on this part of the country, the sister  of Hankow, , and  had a , it is said, of over 5,000,000. At present Hankow has from 600,000 to 800,000 (Sossnoffsky says only 300,000), and the other two from 400,000 to 700,000.  HANLEY, a market-town and municipal borough of Staffordshire, England, is situated in the centre of the pottery district, 2 miles E.N.E. of Stoke-upon-Trent, and 18 miles N. of Stafford. It is indebted for its rise and 