Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 11.djvu/398

378   HAKE (Merluccius vulgaris), a fish belonging to the family of cod-fishes (Gadidcv), differing from the common cod in having only two dorsal and one anal fin. It is very common on the coasts of Europe and eastern North America, but its flesh is much less esteemed than that of the true Gadi. Specimens 4 feet in length are not scarce. A closely allied fish inhabits the coasts of Chili and New Zealand.  HAKIM, or, as the full title runs, (–), the sixth of the Fatimite caliphs, and the third of that dynasty ruling in Egypt, founder of the sect of the Druses, was born in, was designated heir apparent in, succeeded in , and died in. For the principal events of his life and the leading features of his character the reader is referred to the article. See also.  HAKLUYT, (c.–1616), geographer, was bom of good family in or near London about. He was elected &quot; one of her Maiesties scholars at Westminster,&quot; and it was while there that the bent of his future studies was determined by a visit to his cousin and namesake, Richard Hakluyt of the Middle Temple. His cousin s dis course, illustrated by &quot; certain bookes of cosmographie, an universall nuppe, and the Bible,&quot; had such an effect upon Hakluyt s mind that he resolved, if opportunity offered, to &quot; prosecute that knowledge and kind of literature.&quot; Enter ing Christ Church, Oxford, in, &quot;his exercises of duty first performed,&quot; he fell to his intended course of reading, and by degrees perused all the printed or written voyages and discoveries that he could find. He took his degree of B.A. in –, and we learn from the Towneley MSS. that two years later he was selected twice in the same year to receive gifts of money. It is highly probable that, shortly after taking his degree of M.A., he commenced at Oxford the first public lectures in geography that &quot; shewed both the old imperfectly composed and the new lately reformed mappes, globes, spheares, and other instruments of this art.&quot; Hakluyt s first published work was his Divers Voyages touching the Discoverie of America (London,, 4to). By reason of his great knowledge of these matters and his acquaintance with &quot;the chiefest captaines at sea, the greatest merchants, and the best mariners of our nation,&quot; he was selected in, at the age of thirty, to accompany Sir Edward Stafford, the English ambassador, to Paris in the capacity of chaplain. In accordance with the instruc tions of Secretary Walsingham, he occupied himself chiefly in collecting information of the Spanish and French move ments, and &quot; making diligent inquirie of such things as might yield any light unto our westerns discoverie in America.&quot; The first fruits of Hakluyt s labours in Paris are embodied in the most important production of his that has seen the light in modern times ; it is entitled A particuler discourse concerning Westerns discoveries written in the yere 1584, by Richarde HacUuyt of Oxforde, at the requeste and direction of the righte u orshlpfull Mr Walter Raghly before tlie comynge home of his twoo barkes. This long-lost MS., after failing to find a resting-place in America, was finally acquired by Sir Thomas Phillipps, and is now the property of Rev. J. E. A. Fenwick of Thirlstane House, Cheltenham. The object of the Discourse was to recommend the enterprise of planting the English race in the unsettled parts of North America, Hakluyt s other works consist mainly of translations and compilations, relieved by his dedications and prefaces, which last, with a few letters, are the only material we possess out of which a biography of him can be framed. Hakluyt returned to England in, and during his short stay he had the honour of laying before Queen Elizabeth a copy of the Discourse &quot; along with one in Latin upon Aristotle s Politicks,&quot; which won for him, two clays before his departure again for Paris, the grant of the next vacant prebend at Bristol. In the spring of the following year, feeling anxious about the reversion of the prebend, he again visited England, and exhibited in person, on the 24th May, before the chapter of Bristol cathedral, the queen s i mandate for the coveted vacancy already signed and sealed. Before the close of the reversion of it fell to him, and in he was admitted to the prebend, which he held, with his other preferments, till the time of his death. While in .Paris Hakluyt caused to be published the MS. journal of Laudonniere or Histoire notable de la Florida, edited by M. Bassanier (Paris,, 8vo). This was translated by Hakluyt and published in London under the title of A notable historic containing foure voyages made by certayne French Captaynes into Florida (London,, 4to). The De Orbe Novo Petri Martyris Anglerii Decades octo illustrate?, labore et industria Richardi Hackluyti, saw the light at Paris. This work contains the exceedingly rare copperplate map dedicated to Hakluyt and signed F. G. (supposed to be Francis Gualle) ; it is the first on which the name of &quot; Virginia &quot; appears. In Hakluyt finally returned to England with Lady Stafford, after a residence in France of nearly five years. In he published The Principall Navigations, Voiages, and Discoveries of the English Nation (fol., London, 1 vol.). In the preface to this we have the announcement of the intended publication of the first terrestrial globe made in 