Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 11.djvu/394

374 Europe, including the Scandinavian mining districts, he undertook the scientific direction of the porcelain works at Elnbogen, belonging to his brothers. In 1840 he was appointed counsellor of mines (Bergrath) at Vienna in the place of Professor Mohs, a post which included the charge of the imperial cabinet of minerals, &c. He devoted him self to the rearrangement and enrichment of the collections, and the cabinet became the first in Europe. Shortly after (1843) Haidinger commenced a series of lectures on minera logy, which was given to the world under the title Hand- luck der bestimmeiiden Mineraloyie (Vienna, 1845 ; tables, 184G). On the establishment of the imperial geological institution, he was chosen director (1849) ; and this im portant position he occupied for seventeen years. On the completion of the geological survey of the Austrian domin ions in 1862, he superintended the preparation of the maps which were issued. He was elected a member of the im perial board of agriculture and mines, and a member of tin imperial academy of sciences of Vienna. He organized the society of the friends of natural sciences. As a physicist Haidinger ranked high, and he was one of the most active promoters of scientific progress in Austria, He was the discoverer of the interesting optical appearances which have been called after him &quot;Haidinger s brushes.&quot; Knighted in 18G5, the following year he retired to his estate at Dornbach near Vienna, where he died March 19, 1871.

1em  HAIL. See.  HAILES,, undefined., (1726–1792), an eminent Scottish lawyer and historian, was born at Edinburgh, October 28, 1726. His father, Sir James Dalrymple of Hailes, in the county of Haddington, Bart., auditor-general of tha exchequer in Scotland, was a grand son of James, first Viscount Stair ; and his mother, Lady Christian Hamilton, was a daughter of Thomas, sixth earl of Haddington. He received his school education at Eton, anl thence proceeded to Utrecht for the study of law, being intended for the Scottish bar, to which he was admitted, shortly after his return to his native country, on the 24th of February 1748. As a pleader he attained neither high distinction nor very extensive practice, but he rapidly established a well-deserved reputation for sound knowledge, unwearied application, and strict probity ; and in 1766 he was elevated to the bench, when he assumed the title of Lord Hailes. Ten years later he was appointed a lord of justiciary. His death took place on the 29th of November 1792.

1em  HAINAN, or, as it is usually called in, Kiung-chow-foo, an belonging to the  of, and situated between the  and the  from 20° 8′ to 17° 52′N. , and from 108° 32′ to 111° 15′E. It measures 160s from N.E. to S.W., and the average breadth is about 90s. The is estimated at from 1200 to 1400, or two-thirds the size of. From the of  on the north it is separated by the s of Hainan, which have a breadth of 15 or 20s. With the exception of a considerable in the north, and broad tracts on the north-east and north-west sides, the whole  is occupied by -covered s, with  s between. The central bears the  of Li-mou Shan or Wu Tchi Shan (the Five- ), and attains a  of 6000 or 7000. Its praises are celebrated in a glowing by, a. The appears to be well ed, and some of its s are not without importance as possible s of ; but the details of its  are very partially ascertained. A  extends in an irregular curve from the  of  in the north to  on the west. Being exposed to the  the northern parts of the  enjoy much the same sort of  as the neighbouring  of the mainland, but in the southern parts, protected from the  by the, the  is almost or entirely. falls so rarely that its appearance in is reported in the   as a remarkable event. s are a much more familiar phenomenon, having occurred, according to the same authority, in, , , , , , , , , , , , , and. Excellent of various kinds—,, , &c.—is one of the principal  of the , and has even been specially  to  for  purposes. The flourishes freely even in the north, and is to be found growing in clumps with the. ,, , , , , , , and are all  in varying quantities. The aboriginal inhabitants collect a kind of called tein-cha, or , which looks like the  of a wild , and has an  when. ,, , and occur in the Shih-luh Shan or “-green-”; the  at least was  till , and the  would probably pay for its. and are found in other parts of the. The ordinary of Hainan are apparently a  between the little yellow  of  and the  of. s are common, and in the neighbourhood of Nanleu at least they are frequently s. s are numerous but small. s and are both common, and of the  there are three , 