Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 11.djvu/366

346 secondly, for its example of palace architecture of the best Hindu period (–) ; and thirdly, as the fortress capital of one of the greatest native chiefs of India.

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1em  GWILT, (1784–1863), author of the Encyclo paedia of Architecture, was the younger son of George Gwilt, architect surveyor to the county of Surrey, and was born at Southwark, January 11, 1784. He was educated at St Paul s school, and after a short course of instruction in his father s office was in 1801 admitted a student of the Royal Acidemy, where in the same year he gained the silver medal for his drawing of the tower and steeple of St Dunstan-in-the-East. In 1811 he published a Treatise on the Equilibrium of Arches, and in 1815 he was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London. After a visit to Italy in 1816, he published in 1818 Notitia Archi- tectonica Italiana, or Concise Notices of the Buildings and Architects of Italy. In 1825 he published, with notes and valuable additions, an edition of Sir William Chambers s Treatise on Civil Architecture; and among his principal other contributions to the literature of his profession are a trans lation of the Architecture of Vitruvius (1826), a Treatise on the Rudiments of Architecture, Practical and Theoretical (1826), and his valuable Encyclopaedia of Architecture (&ity, which has passed through a great many editions, and was published with additions by Wyatt Papworth in 1867. In recognition of Guilt s advocacy of the importance to archi tects of a knowledge of mathematics, he was in 1833 elected a member of the Royal Astronomical Society. In addition to the sciences bearing on his profession he took a special interest in philology and music, and is the author of Rudi ments of the Anglo-Saxon Tongue (1829), and of the article &quot; Music &quot; in the Encyclopedia Metropolitan. His works as a practical architect are not of much importance, the principal being Markree Castle near Sligo in Ireland, and St Thomas s Church at Charlton in Kent, He succeeded his father as a surveyor of sewers for the county of Surrey, and held that office till 1848. He died September 14, 1863.  GWYNIAD is the name given to a fish of the genus Coregonus (C. clupeoides), inhabiting the large lakes of North Wales and the north of England. At Ullswater it is known by the name of &quot; schelly,&quot; at Loch Lomond by that of &quot;powen.&quot; It is tolerably abundant in Lake Bala, keeping to the deepest portion of the lake for the greater part of the year, but appearing in shoals near the shores at certain seasons. It is well flavoured, like all the species of Coregonus, but scarcely attains to the weight of a pound. The name gwyniad is a Welsh word, and signifies &quot; shining&quot; ; audit is singular that a similar fish in British Columbia, also belonging to the family of Salmonoids, is called by the natives &quot;quinnat,&quot; from the silvery lustre of its scales, the word having in their language the same meaning as the Welsh &quot;gwyniad.&quot;  GYARMAT, a Magyar term signifying colony, and applied to several places in Hungary. Of these the following two towns have the largest number of inhabitants.

, capital of the Cis-Danubian county of N6grad, is situated on the Ipoly (Eipel), about 40 miles N.N.E. of Budapest, 48 6 N. lat., 19 16 E. long. It is the seat of a royal court of law and of the assizes, and has Roman Catholic and Lutheran churches, also a Jews synagogue, a fine county hall, a house of correction, a religious institute for girls, and tax, post, and telegraph offices. In 1870 the population was 6435, Magyars and Slavs by nationality.

, a market-town in the Trans-Tibiscan county of Bekes, is somewhat unfavourably situated in the extensive marshy tract of country known as the Sarret, 47 5 N. lat., 21 13 E. long. The town has few noteworthy buildings, with the exception of the Calvinist church and some elegant private residences. The chief products of the rich, dark, alluvial soil of the neighbourhood are wheat, tobacco, hay, grapes, and other fruits. Horned cattle, pigs, and sheep (both merino and Hungarian) are bred on the wide-spreading pasture-lands, and numerous water-fowl and wading birds, especially herons, inhabit the reed-covered marshes. The water used for drinking purposes is, however, frequently muddy and warm, and un pleasant to the taste. In 1870 the population was 5735, of whom the great majority were Magyars.  GYARMATHA, a market-town in the county of Temes, Hungary, situated in a level but productive agricultural district to the north-east of Temesvar, 45 50 N. lat., 21* 17 E. long. For some distance round the town the cultivation of wheat, barley, oats, maize, and the vine is largely carried on. Horse-breeding is another source of employment to many of the inhabitants. Gyarmatha has few buildings of special interest with the exception of a Roman Catholic church and the ruins of a fort. In 1870 the population amounted to 5125, consisting of Germans, Magyars, and Wallachs.