Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 10.djvu/830

Rh Additions pe 311i 3!‘ to Lake. 806 tained in these words furnishes a suitable termination to the Gospel; but there is every probabilit.y that we have not here the exact words of Jesus Himself. Not to speak of the introduction of the later baptismal forinulary, “in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost,” the rest of the vocabulary is not found in the words of Jesus as recorded in the Triple Tradition, but is peculiar to Matthew. For example, (1) the word p.a01]'i'6i.i€Lv (xxviii. 19) is used three times by Matthew, and nowhere else in the New Testament, except once in the Acts; (2) the expression o-vv-reltefas -roi} aitlwos (xxviii. 20) is found ﬁve times in _[atthew, and nowhere else in the New Testa- ment, except once iii the Epistle to the Hebrews; and (3) the word 1-vypsiv (xxviii. 20), used by Matthew six times, is used once only by Mark, and not at all by Luke. It is noteworthy that Matthew makes no express mention of the ascension of Jesus. But it is possible that he coii- siders this ﬁiial manifestation on the inouiitaiii-top to have terminated with the ascension; for Matthew, describing the farewell of Jesus, appears to have in his mind the picture, contemplated also by Daniel, of the Son of Man endowed with all power and seated on the clouds of heaven. Compare Daniel vii. 14, “£8661; aﬁrcgi éfovo-Ea,” with Matthew xxviii. 18, “E8661; [Lot 7rdo'a c’.fovo-fa.” And this perhaps may explain the twice repeated saying of Matthew, that some of the disciples should see the Son of .Ian coming. The manifestation of Jesus upon the mountain in Galilee, commissioning His disciples to go forth to make disciples of all the world, and claiming all kingdoms for Himself, might well seem a fulﬁlment of these two prophecies (x. 23 ; xvi. 28), as well as a ﬁtting close to the book of the Gospel. Additions and Peculz'arz'ties of L2:/.'r:.—The principal passages peculiar to Luke are :— (1 ) i. 1-4, the dedication to Theopliilus; ('3) i. 5-25, the vision of Zacharias; (3) i. ‘.26-38, the aniiunciation; (4) i. 39-45, the meeting of Elisabeth and Mary; (5) i. 46-56, the song of Mary; (6) i. 57-80, the naming of John and the song of Zacharias; (7) ii. 1- 7, the journey of Mary to Bethlehem; (8) ii. 8-20, the vision of the shepherds; (9) ii. 21-35, the song of Simeon; (10) ii. 36-40, the proplietess Anna; (11) ii. 41 -52, the child Jesus found in the temple; (12) iii. 1, the precise date of the commencement of the public life of Jesus; (13) iii 5-16 (except vcrs. 8 and 9), the teaching of John the Baptist; (14) iii. 18-20, Herod iiiiprisoiis John; (15) iii. 23-38, the genealogy of Jesus from Adam; (16) iv. 13, the devil departs from Jesus “for a season”; (17) iv. 14-30, Jesus preaches at Nazareth; (18) v. 1--11, the miraculous draught of fish and the call of Simon; (19) v. 17, preface to the healing of the paralytic; (20) v. 39, “ No one having drunk old wine desireth new,” &c.; (21) vi. 12-13, preface to the choice of the apostles; (22) vi. 24-26, “ Woe unto you that are rich,” &e.; (23) vi. 32-35, “ Love your enemies,” &c. (in language peculiar to Luke); (24) vii. 1--10, the healing of the. centurioii’s servant (in language peculiar to Luke); (25) vii. 11-17, the raising of the widow's son at Nain ; (26) vii. 2], 22, the acts of healing wrought before John’:; disciples; (27) vii. 36-50, the sinful woman and the parable of the two debtors; (28) viii. 1-3, the names of the women who aceoinpanied Jesus; (29) ix. 51-- 56, J aiiies and John wish to call down fire on the Samaritans; (30) ix. 61, 62, “ No one having put his hand to the plough,” &c.; (31) x. 1, the appointment of the seventy; (32) x. 17-20, “I beheld Satan as lightning," &e.; (33) x. 25-37, the good Samaritan; (34) x. 38- 42, Martha and Mary; (35) xi. 1, “'1‘e;u-h us to pray," &c_; (36) xi. 6-8, the friend persuaded by importnnity; (37) xii. 13-21, the rich fool; (38) xi. 21-22, “When the strong man armed,” &c.; (39) xi. 27, 28, “ Blessed is the womb that bare Thee," &e.; (40) xii. 32, 33, “ Fear not, little ﬂock,” &e.; (41) xii. 35-38, “Let your loins be girded about," &c.; (42) xii. 47. 48, “ But that scr- vant that knew not his lord's will,” &c.; (43) xii. 49-50, “ I came to send ﬁre on earth,” &e.; (44) xii. 54-57, “ Wlieu ye see a cloud rising," &e.; (45) xiii. 1-9, the Galileans slain by Pilate, and the parable of the fig-tree; (46) xiii. 10-17, the healing of the woman bound by Satan ; (47) xiii. 23-27, “ Are there few that be saved?" and the answer; (48) xiii. 31-34, “ Go tell that fox,” &e.; (49) xiv. 1-6, the healing of the dropsical man on the sabbath; (50) xiv. 7-11, “ Sit not down in the highest room,” &e.; (51) xiv. 12- 14, “ When thou makest a dinner,” &o.; (52) xiv. 15-24, the dis- courteous guests; (53) xiv. 28-33, “ Which of you intending to build a tower," &e.; (54) xv. 1-10, the lost sheep (different in GOSPELS [svxor'ric.u.. llatthcw), and the lost piece of silver; (55) xv. 11-32, the pro- digal son; (56) xvi. 1-12, the unjust steward; (57) xvi. 14-31, Divcsaiid Lazarus, with preface; (58) xvii. 7-10, the inastcriuiist be served before the servant; (59) xvii. 11 19, the grateful Samaritan ; (60) xvii. 20-22, “The kingdoin of (ind cometh not with obser- vation,” &c.; (61) xvii. 28-30, “ It shall be as in the days of Lot," &c.; (62) xviii. 1-8, the unjust jiulge; (63) xviii. 9-14, the l'liariscc and the piiblicau; (64) xix. 1-10, Zaeelizeiis; (65) xix. 11-27, the parable of the pounds (dilfereiit in llattliew); ((36) xix. 39-44, “If thou hadst known even thou," &c.; (67) xx. 18, “Whosocver shall fall upon that stone shall be broki-ii,’” &c.; (68) xxi. 18, “ There shall not an hair of your head 'pt']'lSll ;” (69) xxi. 23-26, “ There shall be great (llSll'tSS in the lzL1i:l," &e.; (70) xxi. 28, “And when these things begin to come to pa.~_-s, then look up," &e.; (71) xxi. 34-38, “But take heed to yoiir.~'elves list at any time your hearts be overcharged with siirfeiting," &c.; (723). xxii. 14-16, with parts of 17 and 19, “With desire hai e I desired to eat this passover with you,” &c.; (73) xxii. 31 34, “.'iiimii, Simon, behold Satan hath desired to have you, &e.; (74) xxii. 35 38, “ When I sent you without purse," &c.; (75)? xxii. 43, 44. the angel strengtliening Jesus; (76) xxii. 48, 49, “ lletrayest thou the Son of Man with a kiss!" (77) xxii. 5], the healing of the wouiid of the high priest’s servant, (78) xxiii. 5 -32, Jesus is sent by Pilate to Ilcrod; (79) xxiii. 13-15, l'ilate 11'-2-poses to release Jesus; (80) xxiii. 27-31, “ Daughters of Jerusaltm, weep not for Me,” &e.; (81) xxiii. 39-43, the peiiiteiit thief; (82) xxiii. 48, 49, the. crowd beat their breasts and return; (83)'3 xxiv. 12. Peter sees the linen clothes in the open tomb; (S4) xxiv. 13-35, the walk to Eiiiiuaus; (85) xxiv. 36-49, Jesus appears and cats in the prcseiiee of His disciples; (S6) xxiv. 50-53, Jesus parts from tho uisciples near Bethany,“ and they return to the temple. Before speaking in detail of the passages peculiar to Luke, it will be convenient to consider his avowed purpose in writing, and some peculiarities of his style. The dedica- tion to Theophilus, a name which is now believed by many to be merely typical of every reader who is so far “loved of lod” as to be admitted into the church of Clirist, states that the author purposes to write an account “ in order,” and implies that many previons5 “ attempts ” (£’7T£X£t’p7;'CI.v, a word implying impotence; q/"I Acts ix. 2, 9; xix. 13) at similar compilations had not been “ in order"; further it informs us that the object of the treatise was not to tell the reader anything that was new, but rather to give him an ainpler knowledge of the certainty of those things which were then and always had been fully believed in the church, even as they had been handed down by those who had been from the beginning eye- witnesses aiid ministers of the word. Without going so far as to affirm that the word handed down (7rape'8ooav) excludes written tradition (Vestcott’s Inlrodm-(ion, 186, 203), it is at least remarkable that Luke distiiiguishes between the “ eyewitnesses ” and those whose attempts he disapproved,—-saying that the latter attempted to draw up a “ connected narrative,” whereas the former merely “handed down ” the facts. This amounts almost to a deni-.il on the part of Luke that any “ eyewitness ” (that is to say, apostlq had up to that time written any narrative (so far as Lulzi knew) of the life of Christ. It implies also that the words and deeds of the Lord had been recorded by many without arrangement, and that the author purposed to arrange them. The literary and artistic purpose of the author appears in words and phrases, as well as in the conceptions. Writing perhaps principally for readers to whom the Greek of the 1 But possibly this passage is also found in Matt. xxi. 4 4. 9 The geniiiiieiiess of this passage is doubtful. 3 The geniiineness of this passage is doubtful. 4 The clause describing the ascension is omitted by 'I‘iscliciidoi'f. 5 It is very doubtful whether the aorist tense (€1reXefp1](rav) neces- sarily implies (Westcott, Gospels, p. 186) that “ St Luke speaks of the ‘attempts’ as of something which had no influence at the present . . . . (attempted, not hare altcmpIcd).” In the New Testainent the proper distinction between the aorist and perfect cannot a_lwa_vs be maintained as it can in classical Greek. For example (Mk. xiv. 9), our A, V, rightly renders 3-irai'na'eu, “ she hath dune what she could : and it would seem absurd to say that the aorist 8-irotnaeu represented an action “ which had no influence at the preseiit,” in the face of the following words, “ Throughout the whole world this also that she Imth done (3 e’-rrof-qa'ev) shall be spoken of for a ineinorial of her. ’