Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 10.djvu/717

Rh the United Kingdom from France; from Belgium there were 301,305 dozen pairs, valued at £345,174 3 and the total imports from all quarters amounted to 1,497,437 dozen pairs, of a value of £1,840,956. In 1878 the total imports were 1,060,040 dozen pairs, valued at £1,302,060. Buckskin gloves are largely made in the United States, and that branch, together with a limited production of kid and other gloves, is chieﬂy centred in the village of Gloversville, Fulton co., N.Y. It is estimated that from about 140 separate glove factories in that village not less than two-thirds of the gloves made in the United States are sent out. Kid gloves aremade to some extent in New York city.  GLOVER, (1712–1785), an English poet, was born in 1712. He was the son of a London merchant, and received his education at Cheam in Surrey. While there he wrote in his sixteenth year a poem to the memory of Sir Isaac Newton, which was appended by Dr Pemberton to his View of Newton’s Philosophy, published in 1728. Though Glover followed the business of his father, he devoted much of his attention to literary pursuits, and he acquired the reputation of being one of the best Greek scholars and most famous poets of his day. In 1737 he published an epic poem, Leonidas, written in celebration of the defence of Thermopylze. As the praise of liberty formed the subject matter of the poem, it was thought to have a special reference to the politics of the time 3 and being warmly commended by the regent and his court, by Lord Lyttelton, and the novelist Fielding, it soon passed through several editions. Though exhibiting a well-cultivated taste and some skill in versiﬁcation, it possesses, however, little poetical merit, and is totally wanting in the higher qualities of epic poetry. A continuation of the Leonidas, entitled A thenical, subsequently appeared, but had little or no popularity. In 1739 Glover published a poem entitled London, or the Progress of Commerce ; and in the same year, with a view to excite the nation against the Spaniards, he wrote a ballad, IIosier’s Ghost, which is spirited and effective, and was one of the most popular of its day. He was also the author of two tragedies, Boadicea (1753)and Jleilea (1761), which, however, on account of their close imitation of Greek models, are unsuited for the modern stage. The success of Glover’s Leonidas led him to take considerable interest in politics, and in 1760 he entered parliament as member for IV eymouth, in which capacity his abilities as a Speaker, and his knowledge of commercial questions, acquired for him considerable inﬂuence. He died in November 1785. His diary, entitled JIemoirs of a dis- tinf/aisherl literary and political Character from 1742 to 1757, was published in 1813. Glover is one of the reputed authors of J mains; but his claims—which were advocated in an Inquiry concerning the author of the Letters of J twins, with reference to the Memoirs, (be, published in 1815—-rest on very slight grounds.  GLOWWORM. See,.  GLUCINUM, or (Greek yAvA-L‘s, sweet, from the taste of its salts), is a metal related most nearly in its physical properties to zinc and mercury, symbol G, atomic weight 9 '3. It occurs in the beryl and emerald, G3AlgSiGOIS, or 3GO,AIZO:,,6SiO2 (see, and ), from which its oxide was earliest obtained by Yauquelin in 1798 ; also in the minerals euclase (HngAlgsigOlo, or H._,O,2GO,A120. ,ZSiOn), phenacite (G.,Si04), chrysoberyl (G0,:X1203), gar olinite, leucOphanite, and helvite. Glueinum was ﬁrst obtained by \Vohler and Bussy in 18.28, in an im- pure pulverulent form, by the fusion of its chloride with potassium; and by Debray in 1854, in the compact state, by the decomposition in an atmosphere of hydrogen of the vapour of the chloride by that of sodium (.lmz. ('him. Phys, ser. iii. vol. xliv. 5). Heated in air the metal oxidizes superﬁcially, or, if in a state of ﬁne division, burns with brilliancy. The spark-spectrum of glucinum presents two brilliant blue lines. Glueinum may be estimated in mine- rals, after removal of their silica, in the insoluble form or as ﬂuoride, by the separation of aluminium mostly as alum, what remains being then thrown down, with iron, by means of warm solution of ammonium carbonate; to the ﬁltrate excess of hydrochloric acid is added; and ﬁnally the glucinum is precipitated as hydrate, G(OH)2, which is washed, dried, and ignited. An alloy of glucinum with iron has been obtained by Davy and by Stromeyer.

1em  GLUCK (not, as frequently spelt, ), (1714–1787), a celebrated operatic composer, was born at Heidenwang, near Neumarkt, in the Upper Palatinate, on July 2, 1714. He belonged to the lower middle class, his father being gamekeeper to Prince Lob— kowitz ; but the boy’s education was not neglected on that account. From his twelfth to his eighteenth year he fre- quented the Jesuit school of Kommotow in the neighbour- hood of Prince Lobkowitz’s estate in Bohemia, where he not only received a good general education, but also had lessons in music. At the age of eighteen Gluck went to Prague, where he continued his musical studies under Czernhorsky, and maintained himself by the exercise of his art, sometimes in the very humble capacity of ﬁddler at village fairs and dances. Through the introduction of Prince Lobkowitz, however, he soon gained access to the best families of the Austrian nobility, and when in 1736 he proceeded to Vienna, he was hospitany received at his pro- tector’s palace. Here he met Prince Melzi, an ardent lover of music, who invited Gluck to accompany him to Milan, where the young musician continued his education under Giovanni Battista San Martini, an interesting composer who, although self—taught, was one of the most accomplished musicians of the 18th century, and has been called the model of Haydn. His works belong chieﬂy to the class of chamber music. In this respect, however, the master’s example was not followed by the pupil. Gluck’s dramatic instinct was irrepressible, and soon we ﬁnd him producing operas at the rapid rate necessitated by the omnivorous taste of the Italian public in those days. Eight of these works were produced at various Italian theatres between 1741 and 1745. Although favourably received, they were not much above the ordinary operatic level of the day, and it would be needless even to give their names. Only the ﬁrst may be mentioned here, Artaserse, libretto by Metas— tasio, ﬁrst performed at Milan in 1741. To the repu- tation thus acquired Gluck owed an invitation to London, where in 1745 he became composer for the opera house in the Haymarket. The ﬁrst opera produced there was called La Caduta (lei Giga-nti (1746, words by Metastasio), followed by one of his earlier operas, re—written for the purpose. It is stated that he also appeared as a performer 011 the musi- cal glasses. The success of the two operas, as well as that of a so—called pasticcio, or dramatic medley entitled Piramo e Tishe, was anything but brilliant, and Gluck accordingly left London. But his stay in England, although not accompanied by immediate success, was not without important consequences for his subsequent career. Gluck at this time was neither more nor less than an ordinary producer of Italian opera. Handel's well-known saying that Gluck knew no more counterpoint than his (Han- del’s) cook, whether true or not, was unfair, for the reason that, if Gluck had known as much counterpoint as the author of Israel in Egg/pt himself, it would have been difﬁcult to make use of it in the style of music