Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 10.djvu/709

Rh account of the glossators on the canon law, see.

Bible Glosses.—With the decay of learning and originality during the dark ages grew the necessity for making and the custom of transcribing on manuscript copies of the Vulgate various notes, explanatory or otherwise, of the text. l'ltimately collections of these glosses or sets of glosses came to be made. They are distinguished as either marginal or interlinear. The most famous collection of 0108878 marginales was that made by Walafridus Strabus in the ; it consists of notes grammatical, his- torical, and theological, culled from the writings of Augus- tine, Ambrose, Jerome, Gregory, Isidore, Bede, Alcuin, and Hrabanus Maurus, with additions by himself. The inter— linear glosses (which as a rule were not so full as the marginal) were sometimes theological but more generally purelyr philological. A somewhat important collection of interlineal glosses belonging to the former class was made by Anselm of Laon (c.). The philological glosses hive considerable value to the linguistic student, especially those which originated in Germany during the Carolingian period. The MS. vocabularies in the libraries of St Gall, Munich, Vienna, &c., have been frequently examined. of late years with results which have been fully indicated by llaumer in his treatise on the influence of Christianity upon Old High German imvz'rl'zmg des Christentlmms emf (lie ultizoclzdeutsche Spraclze). Some interlinear vernacular translations of portions of the Bible into the Anglo-Saxon, of the and following centuries, have also been recently reprinted (see ).  GLOSSOP, a municipal borough of Derbyshire, is situ- ated on the extreme northern border of the county, 14 miles ESE. of Manchester. It is the chief seat of the cotton manufacture in Derbyshire, and it has also woollen and paper mills, dye and print works, and bleaching greens. The town has for several years been rapidly increasing in size, and now consists of three main divisions, viz., the Old Town (or Glossop proper), Howard Town (or Glossop Dale), and Mill Town. The principal buildings are the town hall and market—house, the temperance hall, the grammar school, and the mechanics’ institution. In the immediate neigh- bourhood is Glossop Hall, the seat of Baron Howard, lord of the manor, a picturesque old building with extensive terraced gardens. On a hill near the town is Milandra Castle, the site of a Roman station.

1em  GLOUCESTER, a county in the west midland district of England, bounded on the N. by \Vorcester and 1Varwick, on the S. by Somerset, on the E. by Oxford and \Vilts, and on the W. by Hereford and Monmouth. The river “Tye forms the western boundary line, the Stratford Avon part of the northern, the Bristol Avon the south-western, and the Thames for some miles the south-eastern. The shape of the county is irregularly elliptical, its greatest length in direct line from Bristol to Clifford Chambers being 54 miles, its greatest width from Down Ampney to Pres- ton, near Ledbury, at right angles, 33 miles. The area, according to the tithe surveys—deducting 3000 acres of detached land incorporated by an Act of 1844 with the counties of \Vorcester, “’arwick, and “'ilts, by which they were surrounded, and 17,688 acres of water—amounts to 805,102 acres, mostly cultivable. The county contains 29 hundreds, among which are grouped 351 parishes, 227 tithings, liberties, and hamlets; and the parishes are arranged in 17 poor law unions for the relief of the poor, and 21 petty sessional divisions for the administration of justice and sanitary purposes. Electorally Gloucestershire is divided into the two divisions of East and ll'est Glouces- tershire, each returning two members. The latter com- prises Dean Forest to the Severn bank (the “ Eye between Severn and Wye ” of the local proverb), and the country S. of the former river to SE. and NE. of Dursley, the chief polling place of the division. East Gloucestershire, comprehending the rest of the county, has its chief polling places at Gloucester and Cheltenham, and besides these boroughs, the former of which returns two members and the latter one, has within its limits the boroughs of Stroud with two members, and Tewkesbury and Cirencester with one each. “rest Gloucestershire, sharing with North Somerset the city of Bristol, sends two more members to parliament, so that the total representation of the county is 13 members. Gloucestershire contains 28 market-towns and 2 cities. The population of the county in 1851 was 458,805 (218,187 males and 240,618 females); in 1861 it was 485,770 (229,009 males and 256,761 females); and in 1871 it had increased to 534,320 (251,943 males and 282,377 females). Since the ﬁrst census in 1801 the population has increased by 283,917 persons, or 113 per cent. The population of the principal towns at the census of 1871 was as follows :—

Bristol city ............... ..182,552 Tetbury ...................... .. 3,349 Cheltenham ............. .. 41,923 Newent .................... .. 3,168 Gloucester ................. .. 18,341 Dursley .................... .. 2,617 Strond ....................... .. 7,082 1Votton-under-Edge ...... .. 2,314 Circncester ................ .. 6,096 Newnham ................... .. 1,483 Tewkesbury ................ .. 5,409

The county has three natural divisions, the hill, the vale, and the forest, parallel to each other north and south. (1.) The hill country, which, except the high ground of the Forest of Dean, consists wholly of the Coteswolds, a range extending from Broadway near Chipping-Campden on the north to Bath on the south, and from Birdlip hills on the west to Burford on the east, and traversing the eastern side of the county at an average elevation of 700 feet, though in parts, as at Cleeve Hill near Prestbury, it is 1134 feet above the level of the sea. It covers nearly 300,000 acres of undulating table—land, locally subdivided into the Southwolds betwixt Bath and Badminton, the Stroudwater hills betwixt Tetbury and Woodchester, and the Coteswolds proper, or the rest of the hill country northward. The Vale, or that level tract extending from the base of the Coteswolds to the east bank of the Severn, the upper or nor- thern part of which expanse is known as the vale of Glou- cester, and embraces Gloucester, Cheltenham, Tewkesbury, and some 50,000 acres; whilst the lower is the vale of Berkeley, a tract of similar area reaching from Aust Cliff on the Severn opposite the mouth of the \Vye to Robin’s \Vood hill, two miles south-east of Gloucester. The vale of Gloucester is a continuation of the vale of Evesham. (3.) The Forest division is the peninsula lying between the \Vye and the Severn, in modern times limited to the Forest of Dean, but anciently occupying all Gloucestershire west of Severn, and covering some 43,000 acres. The area of the present forest is 23,015 acres, 11,000 of which are en- closed. Its length from north to south is 20 miles, its breadth (east to west) 10 miles.

Geology.—Though the igneous rocks are little de- veloped, the great variety of sedimentary deposits makes Gloucestershire a rich ﬁeld for the geologist. At