Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 10.djvu/698

676 GLAUCHAU, one of the most important manufacturing towns of Sammy, circle of Zwickau, is situated on the right bank of the Mulde, 7 miles north of Zwiekau and 17 west of Chemnitz. It is the seat of a royal administrative com- mission, of a district court, and of the ecclesiastical and secular courts of the countship of Schiinburg. Its princile manufactures are woollen and half-woollen goods, in regard to which it occupies the ﬁrst position in Germany. ' Besides 3000 hand-looms and 1000 power-looms in the town, the trade gives employment to many others in the neighbouring districts. There are also dyeworks, print works, and manu- factories of paper, linen, thread, and machinery. Glauchau possesses a real school, an elementary school, a weaving school of the higher grade, an orphanage, and an inﬁrmary. Some portions of the extensive old castle date from the, and the Gottesackcr church contains interesting antiquarian relics. Glauchau was founded by a colony of Sorbs and Wends, and belonged to the lords of Schen- burg as early as the. The mineralogist Agricola was born at Glauehau in 1494. While the popu- lation in 1831 was Only (3292, it was 14,357 in 1858 and 21,743 in 1875.  GLAUCUS (I‘Aai'xos, i.(’., yKaUKOS, “ silvery " 0r “sheeny"), in Greek mythology, the name of several ﬁg- ures, the most important of which are the four described below:—

(1.), surnamed Pontius (6 mSm-Los, equivalent to f; dakdocnos), according to the common legend had originally been an expertﬁsherman and diver at Anthedon (Boeotia),'jbut, having eaten of the magical herb sown by Cronos, had leapt into the sea, where ultimately he was changed into a god, and endowed with the gift of unerring prophecy. A principal seat of his cultus was Anthedon, where the inhabitants claimed to be descended from him ; but he was also wor- shipped extensively, not only on the coasts of Greece, 'but also on those of Sicily and Spain, it being customary for fishermen and sailors at certain seasons to watch during the night for the moment when he should come on his periodi- cal rounls accompanied by his train, in order that they might consult him as an oracle. He is generally represented as endowed with most of the attributes of Nereus, but occasionally he is identiﬁed with Melicertes. He is some- times said to have instructed Apollo in prophecy. In art he is depicted as a vigorous old man with long hair and heard, his body terminating in a scaly tail. The Arya- mmtica represent Glaucus as having been builder and steers- man of the “Argo,” as having alone remained unlmrt in the ﬁght of Jason with the T yrrhenians, and as having after- wards become a sea god, in which capacity he was able in various ways to assist the expedition. A poetical account of his metamorphosis is given by Ovid (JLt., xiii. 906), and his story has been also treated by Pindar and by fEschylus, the latter of whom is known to have made Glaucus Pontius the subject of one of his satyr-dramas (see Pausanias, ix. 2‘2, 6 ; and compare Hermann, Dc .Esclzyli Glands). Allusions to the loves of Glaucus with Ariadne, Scylla, the Nereids, and Melicertes are frequently to be met with in ancient literature; and a considerable quantity of folklore concerning him will be found in the scholiast on Plato’s Republic, p. 536, and also in Athenmus, Deilmosoplz. vii. 47, 48. See also Gadechen’s monograph (Glaukos cler .llccryolr, 1860).

{{ti|1em|(2.), usually surnamed Potnicus (6 women's), from Potniae near Thebes, a deity worshipped chieﬂy in Corinth, is to be carefully distinguished from Glaucus Pontius. .He was the son of Sisyphus by Merope, and the father of Bellerophon. According to the legend he was destroyed by his own mares,—the most common form of the story being that he was torn to pieces by them. Accounts differ as to the place of his violent death, and also as to the immediate occasion of it. Sometimes it is represented as having happened at Iolcus, at the funeral games of l’elias, but usually the scene is laid at I’otnize. lie is most fre— quently represented as having offended Aphrodite by having kept his mares from breeding; but other versions of the myth are that he had fed them on human flesh to make them more spirited, or that they had been suffered to drink at a sacred well at Boeotia, or that they had eaten the herb hippomanes. On the isthmus of Corinth, and also at Olympia and N emea, he was worshipped as TapdELWWos; and he was the subject of a lost tragedy of {liscllylus Ilis afﬁnities with Poseidon Hippius are obvious; and it may be taken for granted that the frantic horses of Glaucus Potnieus represent the stormy waves of the sea, just as Glaucus Pontius is himself apersoniﬁcation of the ocean in its friendlier and calmer moods.}}

(3.), the son of Minos by Pasiphae, when a child, playing at ball or pursuing a mouse, fell into a honey pot and was smothered. His father, after a vain search for him, consulted the oracle, and was referred for an answer to the person who should suggest the aptest comparison for one of the cows of Minos which had the power of assuming three different colours. Polyidns (IIoM'v'idos) of Al'gOs, who had likened it to a mulberry (or bramble), which changes from white to red and then to black, soon afterwards discovered the child. Minus then desired him to restore young Glaucus to life ; and on his failure in this, he was sentenced to be entombed alive along with the corpse. Having in the sepulchre killed a serpent by which he had been attacked, he saw its com- panion revivify it by laying upon it afew leaves of a Certain herb. The same herb he successfully applied to Glaucus. This curious myth is now very generally admitted to be of a solar character ; but interpreters are far from unanimous as to the signiﬁcance of the various details. The story, which is related by Apollodorus (iii. 3, 1), and also by fElian, was a favourite subject with poets and artists. jEschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides are each of them said to have treated it dramatically ; and, according to Lucian. it was often represented in mimic dances (Lucian, De Sulta- tirme, 49; Welcker, Die Grier/z. "2-ayocclie). In some of its features at least the mythus is found to be very widely diffused. See Cox, Aryan illyt/wloyy, i. 161, Baring- Gould, let/Ls of the illiddlc Ayes, ii. 145.

{{ti|1em|(4.) {{sc|Glaucus}}, son of Hippolochus, and grandson of Bellerophon, mythical progenitor of the kings of Ionia, was a Lycian prince who, along with his brother Sar— pedon, assisted Priam in the Trojan war. The incident between Glaucus and Diomede, as related in the Iliad, is well known. He was afterwards slain by Ajax; but his body was carried back to Lycia, as that of his brother had been. It seems probable that these two sons of the Lycian land——the land of light—who leave it in youth, but are carried thither again (by Hypnos and Thanatos) when their course is done, originally were meant to represent respectively the creeping light of the early dawn (Sarpedon) and the brightness of the open day (Glaukos).}}  GLEBE, in ecclesiastical law, is the land devoted to the maintenance of the incumbent of a church. Burn (lie-losi- astical Law, 8.7!. “Glebe Lands ”) says z—“Every church of common right is entitled to house and glebe, and the assigning of them at the ﬁrst was of such absolute necessity that without them no church could be regularly consecrated. The house and glebe are both comprehended undcr the word manse, of which the rule of the canon law is, sancitum est ut unicuique ecclesice 'mzus mansus integer absque allo servitio tribuatur.” In the technical language of English law the fee-simple of the glebe is said to be in abcymu'e, that is, it exists “ only in the remembrance, expectation, and intendment of the law.” But the freehold is in the parson,