Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 10.djvu/662

Rh 6-H received other public and private gifts, its progress has been since uninterrupted. The academic body of the i1i1i- versity consists of the chancellor, the lord rector, the dean of faculty, the principal and vice-cliaiicellor, and the pro- fessors. The whole business of the university is transacted in three distinct courts, viz., the senatus, the faculty, and the coiiiitia. There are many bursaries connected with the college, the most important being those bequeathed by .[r Snell, by .lrs Black, the widow of a late minister of the Barony church, and by 311' Orr-Ewing, .[.P. for Diiinbartonshire. The college buildings in High Street were principally erected in 1593 and 1658. The spire, which was 153 feet in height, possessed a lightning con- ductor which was reared under the auspices of Franklin in 1772. The present university buildings at Gilinoreliill occupy a magnificent site above the Kelvin, overlooking the Kelvin- grove Park. and commanding a splendid view of the valley of the Clyde. In 1860 the counnissioners under the “Uni- versities Scotland Act” reported that in the interests of the university it was necessary that the college should be re- built, aiid that the site which it occupied in High Street was most ineligible for the purpose of the university. In 1863 the promoters of the City of Glasgow Union Railway Company offered to purchase the college grounds for the sum of £100,000, which was ultimately accepted; and dur- ing the negotiations Government offered to give £21,400, on condition that £24,000 for the erection of an hospital was raised by private subscription. On the 29th July 1864 the lands of Gilinorehill, consisting of 43 acres, were purchased by the senate for £65,000; about six months later the adjacent lands of Donaldshill were secured for £16,000, and the property of Clayslaps, containing 5 or 6 acres, was bought for a hospital site for the sum of £17,400. Part of the lands of Gilmorehill not required for the university were advantageously sold to the corporation of Glasgow. Sir Gilbert Scott was appointed architect of the new buildings at the end of September 1864, and the plans were completed and approved of in the beginning of 1866. The estimated cost of the building, including hospital, was £:?66,000,—a sum far beyond the means of the university authorities. The citizens of Glasgow, however, came heartily to their help, and subscribed liberally to the building fund. In January 1868 Government agreed to give £ 120,000, on condition that the same amount was raised by private sub- scriptions. The work at once progressed inider these assur- ances of support, and on the 8th October 1868 the founda- tion stone of the new buildings was laid by the Prince of Wales. In 1870 the buildings were so far completed that the removal from High Street took place, the last meeting of the senatus in the old college buildings having been held on 28th July of that year. The ﬁnancial ditliculty, however, proved a very serious one. The cost of the build- ings greatly exceeded the estimate, and went far beyond the funds placed at the disposal of the senatus, although the public subscriptions amounted to nearly £160,000. The ﬁne building is therefore up to the present time incomplete. The tower had to be stopped when less than half-way up, and the grand hall, designs of which were prepared by Sir Gilbert Scott, is still untouched. The senatus, however, has now been practically relieved of its diﬂiculties by the splendid contributions of the marquis of Bute and of _M r Charles Randolph, one of the pioneers of steam shipbuilding on the Clyde. The marquis has given £10,000 for the erection of the common hall, and Mr Randolph bequeathe-.1 £00,000 for the completion of the buildings. With these sums at its disposal the senatus will no doubt in a few years finish this noble structure, and it will then be unequalled, so far as the building is concerned, as an educational institution. GLASGOW’ The following notes, descriptive of the new buildings, are from the pen of the architect :- Tlic architectural style of the building is founded on that of works of the 14th century, subject to some modifications introduced with a view to giving the building a character allied to that of the old Scottish buildings. It is probable, however, that during the 14th century this speciﬁc character may not have prevailed in Scot- land. It seems, in fact, to have been introduced from France at a later period, and worked up with so much originality into buildings in Scotland as to have become quite received as the style of the country. In France it had existed at least from the 13th century, so that what has been done in the design of the college is to tram- Iatc back the characteristics in question, and to unite them with the general style of the architecture of the 14th century, though in Scotland they may not probably have actually existed till a later date. As the building stands on the crown of a hill, whose principal and rapid slope is toward the south, it has been made to occupy, as far as may be, the whole of the ridge facing in that direction by a long and continuous front of about 540 feet in length. In advance of this lengthened facade is a systcm,of terraces, bringing the ground down by gradual steps towards the Kelvin, which flows through a deep ravine along its base. The southern facade comprises tliree more lofty portions, a central block and two corner towers, between which are two ranges of buildings of smaller elevation. The centre of the line of building facing the south is occupied by a lofty tower, through which, on the ground floor, is the principal entrance to the building. There is also a gateway through the centre of each of the lower ranges of building, arched and groined, leading into the east and west qiiadrangles. Another main entrance is provided in the central block of the northern range of building. This entrance consists of a double gateway, the passages from which turn round to meet one another in the basement within the building. Much in the same manner, the north side of the building is divided into five parts, the angle blocks forming towers, similar to those in front -, but facing each quadrangle there is a building of great dimensions, one of which is devoted to the museum and the other to the library. Between these is a central block, in this case of less ele- vation than the main side portions, Containing the students’ read- ing-rooni below and the hall of the Huntcrian museum above. The whole rectangular range of buildings, thus briefly described, is about 540 feet in length by 300 feet in breadth, occupying the greater part of the crown of the hill. From it to the west extend the different ranges of the principal’s and professors’ houses, while towards the south-east the outline is prolonged and diversified by the chemical laboratory, a partially detached building of octagonal form, and, at the north-cast, by the anatomical rooms. The library and museum are alike in design There are two great halls in each, oe- cupying respectively the ground and ﬁrst floors, these being 129 feet long by 60 feet wide. Anderson’s College, formerly called Andcrson’s (or the Aiidersonian) University, was founded by John Anderson, professor of natural philosophy in the university of Glasgow in 1795, and endowed by him with valuable philosophical apparatus, a museum, and a library. It is governed by 81 trustees, and its object is to bring literary and scientific education within the reach of the mass of the community. Every branch of study taught in Glasgow university is provided for, with the exception of divinity. 1)rs Garnett and Birkbeck were the original professors of natural philo- sophy and chemistry ; Dr Ure and Thomas Graham also occupied chairs in this college ; and it was there that the ﬁrst mechanics’ class was established in Great Britain. The trustees contemplate the removal of the institution to the west end of the city, where it is believed it will greatly extend its sphere of usefulness. The number of students in 1878 was 986 ; and those attending popular evening classes, at which lectures are delivered in various branches of science, numbered 992. _ The High School or Grammar School, formerly in John Street and under the charge of the corporation, is the oldest educational institution in the city. It appears that a grammar school existed in Glasgow early in the l—ltll century, being then dependent on the cathedral church. ' ' V . 7 Up to 1834 its masters taught only Latin and Greek, but at that period the school underwent a complete alteration. Two of the classical masterslnps were suppressed, and_ in lieu of these teachers of English grammar, foreign languages, writing, arithmetic, geography, mathematics, and drawing were introduced. The name was also changed