Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 10.djvu/576

558 about 8 at the mouth, but contracting to about 10 es near the centre. By casting s or into the shaft so as to stopper the narrow neck, eruptions can be accelerated, and they often exceed in magnitude those of the Great Geyser itself. During quiescence the column of fills only the lower part of the shaft, its surface usually lying from 9 to 12  below the level of the. Unlike that of the Great Geyser, it is always in ebullition, and its is subject to comparatively slight differences. On the 8th of   found the  at the bottom 112·9° ; at 3 s from the bottom, 111·4°; and at 6 s, 108°; the whole depth of  was on that occasion 10·15 s. On the 6th, at 2·90 s from the bottom, it was 114·2°; and at 6·20 s, 109·3°. On the 10th, at 0·35 s from the bottom, the reading gave 113·9°; at 4·65 s, 113·7°; and at 8·85 s, 99·9°. The great geyser-district of is situated in the south of the of  in or near the upper basin of the   to the N.E. of. In many respects the scene presented in various parts of the districts is far more striking and beautiful than anything of the same kind to be found in, but this is due not so much to the grandeur of the geysers proper as to the bewildering profusion of ing, -s, and , and to the fantastic effects produced on the by the  deposits and by the action of the ing. At, near , there is a group of eight geysers, one of which, the Waikate, throws the column to a height of 30 or 35 (see Hochstetter, New Zealand, ). But it is in the, in the north-west corner of , that the various phenomena of the geysers can be observed on the most portentous scale. The geysers themselves are to be counted by hundreds, and the dimensions and activity of several of them render those of and  almost insignificant in comparison. The principal groups are situated along the course of that tributary of the which bears the  of Fire Hole River. Many of the individual geysers have very distinctive characteristics in the form and of the mound, in the style of the eruption, and in the shape of the column. The “Giantess,” as observed by Langford and Dunraven, lifts the main column to a height of only 50 or 60 , but shoots a thin spire to no less than 250. The “Castle” varies in height from 10 or 15 to 250 ; and on the occasions of greatest effort the is appalling, and shakes the  like an. Strong distinct pulsations, says Lord Dunraven, occurred at a maximum rate of seventy per, having a general tendency to increase gradually in vigour and rapidity until the greatest development of strength was attained, and then sinking again by degrees. The s grew stronger and stronger at every pulsation for ten or twelve strokes, until the effort would culminate in three impulses of unusual power. The total display lasted about an. “Old Faithful” owes its to the regularity of its action. Its eruptions, which raise the to a height of 100 or 150, last for about five s, and recur every three-quarters of an. The “Beehive” sometimes attains a height of 219 ; and the, instead of falling back into the basin, is dissipated in spray and. Very various accounts are given of the “Giant.” Hayden saw it playing for an and twenty s, and reaching a height of 140, and Lieutenant Doane says it continued in action for three s and a half, and had a maximum of 200 ; but at the earl of Dunraven’s visit the eruption lasted only a few s. For further details see Dunraven’s Great Divide , and the Reports of Professor Hayden.

 GEZER (גֶּזֶר), a ite on the boundary of  in the   (Josh. xvi. 3–10). It was allotted to the, but its original inhabitants were not until the  of, when the ians took the city, which was given to ’s wife (1 Kings ix. 16). Under the form Gazera it is mentioned as being in the neighbourhood of  and  (Yebnah) (1 Macc. iv. 15). Throughout the of the  Gazera plays the part of an important. It was first taken from the by  (1 Macc. xiv. 7). Josephus also mentions that the was “naturally strong” (Antiq., viii. 6, 1). The position of Gezer is defined by Jerome (Onomasticon, s.v.) as 4 north (contra septentrionem) of. This points to the ruined site called Tell Jezer, near the of Abu Shûsheh, about 4  north-west of. The site is naturally very strong, the standing on an isolated, commanding the western  to  just where it begins to enter the  of. The name Gezer (from a signifying “”) was no doubt derived from the position of the place. The ruins include -cut s, -es,, and , with of a  on the  top. A very fine (‘Ain Yerdeh) exists on the east, and in  a curious discovery was made on the  side near the. The Tahum Gezer, “boundary of Gezer,” were found  in  on the live  in two places, and in each case the   Alkios occurred with them. The genuineness of this curious has not been disputed.

 GFRÖRER, (–),, was born at , , on the 5th of  , and at the close of his preliminary  at the  of , entered the  of  in  as a  of. After passing his final s in, he spent a in , during part of which time he acted as companion and  to ; the   was spent chiefly in. Returning to in, he first under took the duties of  or   in  and afterwards accepted a  in ; but having in  received an appointment in the  public  at , he thenceforth gave himself exclusively to  and. His first on  (Philo u. die jüdisch-alexandrinische Theosophie, ) was rapidly followed by an elaborate, in two , of  (Gustav Adolf, König von Schweden, –), and by a critical  of primitive  (Kritische Geschichte des Urchristentums, ), in three , consisting of three parts, entitled respectively “The Century of ” (Jahrhundert des Heils), “Sacred ” (Die Heilige Sage), and “Truth” (Die Wahrheit). In both of the last-named, Gfrörer had manifested opinions unfavourable to , which, however, were not openly avowed until fully developed in his  (Allgemeine Kirchengeschichte bis Beginn des 14ten Jahrhunderts, –). In the of  he was appointed to the  of  in the  of, where he continued to  until his death, which took place at  on the 10th of. In he sat as a representative in the , where he supported the “High ” , and in  he publicly went over to the , influenced, however, in this, it is said, more by regard for what he conceived to be its  value, than by any purely  consideration. Among his later the most important is the Geschichte der ost- u. westfränkischen Karolinger