Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 10.djvu/480

Rh I 7 ‘ Tub? Tulllliljd (_/1 ;."tI.1Io', 115711. ‘ 'iIh Cargo. In Ballast. Not for 'l‘1'1ulc. Total. ' Tons. I '1'n1.s. i Tons. Tons, lintcrc-1 ....... .. 6,072,000 505,000 130.000 6--3-55.0110 . Cleared ....... .. 4,100,000 l 2,019,000 128,000 , 0,720,000 I [ 1 1 1 Only 44 per cent. of the ships that trade with German ports sail under the Gern1an ﬂag. British ships have a very considerable trade in German ports. They COI1StllZl1l'.C 3'2 per cent. of the total tonnage, and as much as 47 per cent. of the tonnage of steam vessels. Denmark follows next with 7'2 per cent., Sweden 4'8, Norway 4'0, Russia 2'3, Holland 2'1, France 1'2, United States 1'2, Italy 0'5, other countries 0'4. The number of voyages in all made by German ships in 1870 was 45,402, of which 12,903 were made between German ports. Much n1ore consider- able, however, is the trade of German ships between the home ports and foreign countries, as the subjoined table will I show, while no fewer than 9777 voya.ges were made in 1870 by Gernnn vessels without calling at any home port :-— - l 1. ‘lumbe1' Tonnage |lumbc1 of Ships of Ships of Ships with with in in ‘3“uMt_ Cargo. I Cargo. Ballast. ,__:_____, __ ,___:.,___.__.___—_.___. "‘.’1‘,‘,‘.‘1’§12‘L‘i%.l“§i§'}f;‘§7.3l.tffffifffli 11963 577-000‘ 5~“?'* | 33°-°°° I-‘.n'ei;;n entd. into German ports 8,002 1.984.000 710 70.000 trade cleared from .. n 5,449 1_:Z»I:'.’,000 3,259: I 002,000 Voyages of German ships be-) - on _..7 twcen {orc'gn por:s ............. ..)' 6'9"0, ""’“'O00 ‘ 9'7‘? I Ssopoo ranu ............... .. 03,364 - 7,429,000 | Um 1.752.000] There were 5544 voyages made between non-German parts in Europe, the greater number being between one English port and another. .Iany German vessels also run between the Baltic ports of Russia and Sweden. From European ports 993 vessels sailed for non-European po1'ts, and 860 returned thence to Europe. Here also the greater number ran from Great Britain to the United States, the West Indies, and South America. 2371 ships made their voyages without touching at European ports. Most of these ‘were engaged in the coasting trade in the Chinese Seas, on the South American coasts, and in the West Indies. As regards the shippino of the most important German ports, the following table Wlll show the total tonnage of ships entered and cleared in 1870 :— Ports. Tonnage l Ports. Tonnage. Hamburrr ......... .. 4,406,000 I Kiel ................ ..! 608,000 0 I |. Bremerhafen .... .. 1,300,000 1 Pillau ............ .. 440,000 Stettin ............. ..I 1,144,000 I Kijnigsbcrg ...... ..' 418,000 Neufahrwasscr ) .80 000 Gecstemiinde .... .. 378,000 (D.mtzic)....§ ‘ » Memel ............ .. 352.000 Llll)CCl{ ....... .-. 646,000 .-wincmiindc ..... .. 332,000 Cozsnnaacn. Statistics relating to the foreign trade of the empire are necessarily conﬁned to very recent times. The quantities of such imported articles as are liable to duty have indeed been known for many years; and some years ago an attempt was also made to compile oflicial tables showing the value both of imports and of exports. But when the results of these tables proved the importation to be very much greater than the exportation, the conviction arose that the valuation of the exports was erroneous, and below the reality. There is no compulsory declaration of such goods, and conse- quently the attempt to compute statistics of this nature has been abandoned since 1875. observed that the customs frontier does not coincide with the political frontier of Germany, for it does not take in the free-port territories of Hamburg and Cuxhaven, Bremen, It must at the outset be , IANY [comm:nc1:. Bremerhafen and GL‘CSt0l1lllllt1L‘, (we. (in all, 120 square miles with 593,040 inhabitants, in 1875), besides some communes in Baulen adjoining the Lake of Constance 2'.’ square miles, 5:230 inhabitants). On the other h-.1nd the grand—duchy of Luxembourg (098 square miles, with 205,158 inhabitants in 1875) and the small Austrian com- mune of Jungholz 200 inhabitants). 11ear Fiissen, belong to the German Zollverein. The collection of duties is a function of the empire. The following table shows the 1'e- sults of the ofﬁcial calculations of the imports into Germany for 1872-70, and also the values of the exports, but in the case of these it is only the ﬁgures for the years 1872-74 that are ofticial. The numbers for 1875 and 1870 are those published by Professor Laspeyres in the 1i'«'r):zu11zz'.~l.' Fran gais. Years. | Imports. 1 Exports. Transit. 1572 .-073,400,000 '.£1-24,700,000 154,700,000 1873 212,800,000 124,400,000 61,700,000 1575 170,500,000 l 1-37,400,000 1876 190,~200,000 127,000,000 I I .-ve1'age..., 187,100,000 l 125,200,000 1 I The extremely slight variation which this table shows in the exports of the several years from 1872 to 1870 appears so improbable that we can hardly venture to make it a basis of calculation, or to draw a conclusion so unfavourable to the trading balance of Germany as the ﬁgures would suggest. The proportion per head of population is, as regards imports and exports respectively, about £4, 10s. and £3, whereas the proportion in Great Britain in 1870 amounted in the one case to £11, 10s. and in the other to £0, thus showing the German trade to be less than half that of England. The statistical tables do not specify the several foreign markets for imports and exports; they only give the value of imports on the different frontiers. Total Value of Imports. I-‘rontiers. ‘ ’ ——“‘—“' ' 157-3. 1870. .I1ll1on.<. Millions. North Sea line, including Bremen and £566 £62., llamburg ................................ .. _ Denmark ..................................... .. 1 '0 1 '0 Russia ......................................... .. 19'0 19'2 Austria ........................................ .. 32".? 363 Switzerland ................................. .. 8 '0 9 '2 France ........................................ .. 11 '3 12'] Belgium ...................................... .. 16 '3 1 0'3 Ilolland .................... ................ .. ‘.27 '1 288 By post, 01' frontier not stated ........... .. 5'0 4 9 Total ................  170-5 100-2 According to the ofﬁcial trade returns of Great Britain, France, and other countries, the trade between Germany and these countries is very considerable. By the English tables the importation from Germany to British ports was in 1875-70 between .£:?1,000,000 and £‘.?.2,000,000,' the exportation to Germany in 1875 was £23,300,000, and in 1870, £20,l00,000. The movement of trade is shown In the following tables of the principal articles imported and exported. We begin with articles of consumption :— 1 1872. 1877. Articles. ' ‘. f ‘ "" Imports. I-Exports. 1mp0rt:~'. I 1-.xpo1ts. I Anlmnlq, except h0l‘SC9..'.'0 1,490,000 1,719,000 ' 9.-l-13,000 1.-‘~l‘5.000 Grain and ﬂour ....... ..Cwts. 28,800,000 21,860,000 73,070,000 I 39,000,000 llerrings ............. . .B:n'v'els. 691.000 . . . (£67,000 I Coffee ................... ..Cwts. 1,8-75.000  1,916,000 Sugar ................... .. ,, 879,000 964,000 155,000 1.802.000 ' 817,000 400.000 1,182,000 3950.000 1 100.000 590,000 300,000 1 3280. 000 25.000 ,’ 142.000 36,000 10'-3."(") 1,123,000, 110,000 1,043,000 120.000 ,
 * 1874 183,700,000 121,600,000