Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 10.djvu/48

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1em  GALLARATE, a ﬂourishing town of Italy, the head of a circle in the province of Milan, situated on the railway 23 N.W. of Milan at the junction of the line running N. to Varese. It has a technical school, and carries on the manufacture of cotton and linen. In the Middle Ages it is mentioned as Galaratum and Glareatum, and especially in the it appears to have been a strongly fortiﬁed and important place. Population in 1871, 7576.  GALLAS, or more correctly, a powerful race of eastern Africa, scattered over the wide region which extends for about 1000 from the interior of to the neighbourhood of the river Sabacki, in 3° 12' of S. latitude. Almost nothing has been deﬁnitely ascertained about the early homes and migrations of the race; but it appears to have occupied the southern portion of its present territory for nearly four centuries at least. According to Ludolf and Bruce, the Galla invaders ﬁrst crossed the n frontiers in. The Gallas of Gojam (a district along the northern side of the river Abai) tell how their savage forefathers came from the south-east from a country on the other side of a bahr (lake or river), and the Yedju and Raia Galla also point towards the east and commemorate the passage of a bahr. Among the southern Gallas tradition appears to be mainly concerned with the expulsion of the race from the country now occupied by the Somali. It is usually maintained that the Gallas are ethnographically of Semitic afﬁnity, and ﬁnd their nearest kinsmen in the Somali, the Dankali, and the Abyssinians; but M. Lejean is of opinion that they rather belong to the Aryan race, and this is so far supported by their physiological characteristics. One thing is certain, that they have nothing in common with the negro type; the “musculation” of the arms, thighs, and calves is altogether different, and they have none of the fetor developed by the negro skin; their frame is large and powerful, their complexion a very dark brown, their brow broad and lofty, their eyes deep-sunk and lively, and their features not unfrequently of a regular and ﬁnely-shaped description. Of the Semitic afﬁnity of the language their is no question, and according to the usual classiﬁcation it belongs to the same Semitico-Hamitic group as the Somali, the Saho, and the Dankali.

1em 1em  

ALBERT GALLATIN Copyright, 1879, by Henry Cabot Lodge.

AMILY pride led the Gallatins to boast a descent from A. Atilius Callatinus, the Roman consul ( and ). A gap of fifteen hundred between the consul and the ﬁrst appearance of the name in European history tends to invalidate this rather splendid bit of genealogy, but there can be no doubt that the Gallatins were both an old and noble family. They are ﬁrst heard of in Savoy in, and more than two centuries later they came to Geneva, united with Calvin in his opposition to Rome, and associated their fortunes with those of the little Swiss city. Here they remained, and with one or two other great families governed Geneva, and sent forth many representatives to seek their fortune and win distinction in the service of foreign princes, both soldiers and ministers. On the eve of the French Revolution the Gallatins were still in Geneva, occupying the same position which they had held for two hundred. They were republican nobles, simple in their manners, frugal and unostentatious in their habits of life, but genuine aristocrats of high breeding and cultivated minds. They numbered among their friends such widely different persons as Voltaire and the landgrave of Hesse, and, although not wealthy, had everything that could reasonably be desired both socially and politically. Albert Gallatin, the most famous of the name, was born in Geneva on the 29th of January 1761. His father died in 1765, his mother ﬁve years later, and his only sister in 1777. Although left an orphan at nine years old, Albert Gallatin was by no means lonely or unprotected. His grand-parents, a large circle of near relations, and Mlle. l’ictet, an intimate friend, cared for him during his boyhood. He was thoroughly educated at the schools of Geneva, and graduated with honour from the college or academy in 1779. His grandmother then wished him to enter the army of the landgrave of Hesse, but he declined to serve “a tyrant,” and a year later slipped away from Geneva and