Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 10.djvu/475

Rh roru L.A.'r1oN.] German e111igra11ts go to the United States,—90'5 per cent. of the whole (207,974) l1aving embarked for that country in 1873—76. According to the official returns of the board of statistics at Washington, more than 2,900,000 immi- grants arrived from Germany at American ports during 1820—1877. The rest of the emigrants ﬁnd their way to Australasia, Brazil, the Cape, &c. [nunz'.,«/m1u‘.s and Foreif/7ze7's.——In comparison with the eniigrants, the number of immigrants is inconsiderable. The bulk come from Belgium, Holland, a11d Russia. The following table shows the number of natives of the empire who after being abroad have re-established themselves at home, a11d also the number of naturalized foreigners :—
 * Re-established. 1'atura1izcd.

1872 897 2296 1 873 1284 2381 1874 151 4 6532 1875 3735 9604 1876 2007 364-3 187 7 651 581 0 Total... 10,088 30,266 The number of foreign residents has considerably in- creased duri11g 1871-75. In 1871 there were in the empire 40,8-32,037 natives and 206,755 foreigners; in 1875, 42,436,561 natives and 290,799 foreigners. The follow- ing table gives the native countries of the foreigners for 1871,—the latest date for which these statistics have been publislie-.1 :— .ustria-Huiigary ....... .. 75,702 Belgium ................... .. 5,097 Switzerland .............. .. 24,518 Luxembourg ............. .. 4,828 lluli-and ................... .. 22,042 France ................... .. 4,671 1)enn1ark ................ .. 15,163 Italy ...................... .. 4,019 Russia ..................... .. 14,535 Turkey ................... .. 504 Sweden and Norway.. 12,345 Spain ...................... .. 310 l'nited States ............ .. 10,698 Greece ..................... .. 192 Great Britain . ......... .. 10,104 Other countries ......... .. 2,026 Density of 1’opulation.——Tl1e population is very unequally distributed, a11d the differences are far greater now than they were formerly. The mean density of the population had increased from about 120 inhabitants per square mile in 1820 to 150 in 1840, and to 205 in 1875. Ve have already pointed out the great increase of population during the present century in many agricultural provinces of Prussia. I11 South Germany, however, the density of population was considerable even at the beginning of the century. But Germany during this period has become an important industrial state, a11d, as in England, distinct in- dustrial districts have been formed, where the inhabitants cluster in populous centres. Besides, the population of the cities has gone on increasing at the expense of the agricul- tural districts, so that the natural increase of the inhabitants Classes of Towns. 0If‘,i,’(‘)‘:::'L Population. £,;"’}i,°(:1;: Large towns of 1110re than 1871 8 1 ,968, 537 4 '8 100,000 inliabitants... 1875 12 2,665,914 6'2 .I1(1l11.C'.5iZCd towns, from 1871 75 3,147,272 77 20,000 to 100,000 1875 88 3,487,857 8-2 Small towns, fro111 5000 1871 529 4,588,364 111 to 20,000 .............. .. 1875 592 5,132,971 12-0 Rural towns, from 2000 1871 1716 5,086,625 12'4 to 5000 ................ .. 1875 1636 4,922,781 11-5, . 1871 2328 14,790,798 36-1 T0“ 1’°P“1‘“‘°“ 1875 2328 16,209,523 379 _ . 1871 26,219,352 63‘9 R111 al population 1 84.5 25,517,857 62,1 in these districts by the surplus of births is neutralized by the steady migration of the people into the cities. In GERMANY 457 the accompanying official statistics all the inhabitants of communes with more than 2000 souls are designated “town population,” and the term “rural population” is applied to those of the smaller places. But it must be remarked that in several provinces, such as Westphalia, Rhineland, and Oldenburg, there are many communes consisting of numerous small villages and hamlets which have 11ot the character of a tow11, and the inhabitants of which are almost exclusively agriculturists. These rank as town population, which accordingly appears in the returns to be a little larger than it really is. The ﬁgures exhibit the extremely unequal increase of the diflerent groups from 1871 to 1875. Increase per cent. of Population, 1871-75. Large towns ..................................... .. 14'83 Middle-sized towns ............................ .. 12'41 Small towns .................................... .. 10'74 Rural towns ..................................... .. 5'75 Town population ............................... .. 9'59 Rural population ............................... .. 0'79 Total for the empire. ......................... .. 4 '19 The following is a list of the 35 towns which had upwards of 50,000 inhabitants at the census of 1875. The first column exhibits the population within the boun- daries of the municipal boroughs (Stadtgemeinde). The numbers in the second are 11ot official, but include all suburbs of a really urban character. The latter therefore afford a better indication of the actual size of the several towns. Population of the P-rz'ncz'pal Towns in 1875. Within the Within the Towns. Municipal Topograph. Boundaries. Boundaries. 1. Berlin ..................................... .. 966,858 1,062,000 2. Hamburg ................................. .. 264,675 348,447 3. B1'eslau (Silesia) ................ .... .. 239,050 239,050 4. Munich (Bavaria) ...................... .. 198,829 212,376 5. Dresden (Saxony) ...................... .. 197,295 197,295 Elberfeld - 80,589 .. 6. 3 Barmen ) (Rh111e) ................ .. 86,502 ( 167,091 7. Leipsic (Saxony) ....................... .. 127,387 160,686 8. Cologne (Rhine) ....................... .. 135,371 154,564 9. Frankfort-on-1Iain (Hesse-I*assau).. 103,136 134,776 10. Hanover .................................. .. 106,677 127,576 11. Magdeburg (Saxony) ................. .. 87,925 122,789 12. Kimigsberg (East Prussia) ........... .. 122,636 122,636 13. Bremen .................................. .. 102,532 111,039 14. Stuttgart ('iirten1be1'g) .............. .. 107,273 105,062 15. Dantzic (Vest Prussia) ............... .. 97,931 ab. 99,000 16. Nureinberg (Bavaria) .................. .. 91,108 94,878 17. Strasburg (Alsace) ...................... .. 94,306 92,379 18. Chemnitz (Saxony) ................... .. 78,209 85,334 19. Alto11a (Holstein) ...................... .. 84,097 84,097 20. Stettin (Pomerania) ................... .. 80,972 80,972 21. Diisseldorf (Rhine) ..................... .. 80,695 80,695 22. Aix-la-Chapelle (Rhine) ............. .. 79,606 79,606 23. Essen (Rhine). ......................... .. 54,790 76,450 24. Posen (Posen) .......................... .. 60,998 66,505 25. Brunswick ............................... .. 65,938 65,938 26. 1liilhausen (Alsace) ................... .. 58,463 65,361 27. Crefeld (Rhine) ......................... .. 62,905 62,905 28. Halle (Prov. Saxony) ................. .. 60,503 60,503 29. Dortmund (Westphalia) .............. .. 57,742 57,742 30. Augsburg (Bavaria) ................... .. 57,213 57,213 31. Cassel (Hesse-Nassau) ................ .. 53,043 56,745 32. Mainz (Hesse) .......................... .. 56,421 56,421 33. Potsdam (Brandenburg) ............. .. 45,003 54,186 34. Mctz (Lorraine) ......................... .. 45,856 53,151 35. Erfurt (Prov. Saxony) ................ .. 48,030 50,477 Total ................... .. 4,340,564 4,745,945 The inhabitants of these 35 towns amount to 10'1 or 11 per cent. of the entire population of the empire, according as we reckon by the municipal or the topographical boun- daries. A similar proportion appearsxin F raéice and - — 5