Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 10.djvu/119

Rh GATTY, (1809–1873), daughter of the Rev. Dr Scott, chaplain to Lord Nelson, was born at Burnham, Essex, in 1809. In 1839 Margaret Scott was married to the Rev. Alfred Gatty, D.D., vicar of Eeclesﬁeld near Shefﬁeld, sub-dean of York cathedral, and the author of various works both secular and religious. In 1842 she published in association with her husband a life of her father, the Rev. Dr Scott ; but her ﬁrst independent work was The Fairy Godmother and other Tales, which appeared in 1851. This was followed in 1855 by the ﬁrst of ﬁve volumes of Parables from Nature, the last being published in 1871. It is under the nom de plume of Aunt Judy, as a pleasant and instructive writer for children, that Mrs Gatty is most widely known. Previous to commencing Aunt J ady’s .llagazine in May 1866, she had brought out Aunt J ud y’s Tales and Aunt Judy’s Letters ; and among the other children’s books which she subsequently published, were Agni! J ud y’s Song Book for Children and The AIother’s Book of Poetry. Besides other excellences her children’s books are specially characterized by wholesomeiiess of sentiment and cheerful humour. Her miscellaneous writ- ings include, in addition to several volumes of tales, The Old Folks from Home, an account of a holiday ramble in Ireland 5 The Travels and Adventures of Dr Wolﬂ" the JIissionary, in which she was assisted by her husband ; British Sea Weeds ; ll'aifs and Strays of Natural II istory 3 A Book of Emblems; and The Book of Sun-Dials. She died October 3, 1873.  GAUDEN, (–1662), the reputed author of the Eihon Basilihe, was born in at Mayﬁeld in Essex, of which parish his father was vicar. He was educated at Bury St Edinunds, and afterwards at St John’s College, Cambridge. He obtained about 1630 the Vicarage of Chippenham in Cambridgeshire, and the rectory of Bright well in Berkshire. At the breaking out of the civil war he was domestic chaplain to Robert Rich, second earl of Warwick, one of the parliamentary leaders, and, being selected to preach before the House of Commons in 1640, was presented with a silver tankard for his discourse. In 1641 he was appointed by the parliament to the deanery of Docking, in Essex. He became master of the Temple in 1659, in succession to Dr Ralph Brownrigg, bishop of Exeter, and after the Restoration in November 1660 was appointed to the same diocese. Between 1642, the date of his ﬁrst printed work, and 1660 he published some thirteen or more books, of which number, however, only one appeared prior to the execution of the king. Soon after his appointment to the see of Exeter, he privately laid claim to the authorship of the E ihon Basilihe, a work com- monly attributed at the time to Charles I. This claim iBUdC‘n put forth in a correspondence with the Lord Chancellor Hyde, earl of Clarendon, and the earl of Bristol, from 2lst December 1660 to 31st March 1662. The letters of Gauden among them have been published in Dr Maty’s Review in 1782, and again in the Appendix to vol. iii. of the Clarendon Papers. In the year 1693 a Mr Arthur North of London, who had married a sister of Dr Gauden’s daughter-in-law, published a series of letters which he had found among his sister-in-law’s papers, and which added materially to the strength of the bishop’s claim. They consisted of the other side of the correspondence referred to above, viz., a letter from Secretary Sir Edward Nicholas to Gauden in J annary 1660— 1, two from the bishop to Chancellor Hyde in December 1661 and the duke of York in January 1661—2, and_one from Hyde to the bishop in March 1661—2. These letters, however, have been regarded with consider- able suspicion by late writers on the subject, and have even been pronounced to be forgeries by some, who have pointed out that the two letters written by Gauden himself to Clarendon and the duke of York were found in the bishop’s house, not among the papers of the persons to whom they were directed. The letter also from Clarendon to Gauden, though written nine months after his obtaining his earldom, is signed Edward Hyde, a blundering anachronism which points to the unskilful hand of a forger. The whole ques- tion of the claims of Charles I. and Dr Gauden was dis- cussed at great length and with considerable ability and ingenuity from 1824 to 1829 by Dr Christopher Words- worth, master of Trinity College, Cambridge, on behalf of the king, and the Rev. H. J. Todd on the side of Dr Gauden. Fresh evidence, however, has lately turned up in the shape of letters and papers of Charles II. and his ministers, written soon after the execution of the king, which go far to invalidate if not entirely destroy the claim of Dr Gauden, and prove that those persons to whom he most conﬁdently appealed in support of his pretensions were the strongest upholders of the king’s authorship at the time immediately subsequent to the appearance of the work. In 1662, on the death of Brian Duppa, bishop of Winchester, Dr Gauden applied to be translated from Exeter to that see, but his claims were set aside in favour of George Morley, bishop of \Vorcester, and the vacancy thus created was ﬁlled by the bishop of Exeter. He only lived four months after this last promotion, and dying on 20th September 1662, was buried in Worcester Cathedral. His will is preserved in the Prerogative Ofﬁce of Canterbury. He left a widow, the daughter of Sir William Russell of Chippenham, who after her husband’s death wrote a letter to her son John on the subject of the king’s book, and enclosed in it a narrative of the whole claim. This was published with the correspondence mentioned above by Mr North in 1693. She also erected a monument to the bishop’s memory in Worcester Cathedral, representing him with the Eihon L’asilihe in his hand.  GAUDICHAUD-BEAUPRÉ, (1789–1854), a French botanist, was born at Angouléme, September 4, 1789. He studied pharmacy ﬁrst in the shop of a brother-in-law at Cognac, and then under Professor Robiquet at Paris, where from Desfontaines and L. C. Richard he acquired a knowledge of botany. In April 1810 he was appointed dispenser in the military marine, and from July 1811 to the end of 1814 he served at Antwerp. In September 1817 he joined the corvette “ Uranie,” as phar- maceutical botanist to the circumpolar expedition com~ manded by De Freycinet (see vol. ix. p. 777). The wreck of the vessel on the Falkland Isles, at the close of the year 1819, deprived him of more than half the botanical collec- tions he had made in various parts of the world. In 1830—33 he visited Chili, Peru, and Brazil, and in 1836— 37 he acted as botanist to “ La Bonite ” during its circum— navigation of the globe. His theory accounting for the growth of plants by the supposed coalescence of elementary “ phytons ” involved him, during the latter years of his life, in much controversy with his fellow—botanists, more espe- cially M. de Mirbel. He died January 16, 1854.

1em  GAUERMANN, (1807–1862), an n painter, son of the landscape painter Jacob Gauermann (1773–1843), was born at Wiesenbach near Gutenstein,'in Lower Austria, 20th September 1807. It was the intention of his father that he should devote himself to agriculture, but the example of an elder brother, who, however, died