Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 1.djvu/817

Rh went round by turns, while the more important s sent their representatives every. There might be several Pylagoroi from each state. Æschines mentions that there were on one occasion three from. They were by. Their function seems to have been to advise with the Hieromnemon, to address the when anything relating to their own  was discussed, and to bring all their influence to bear on the  on behalf of their own. The of Hieromnemon remained in high honour till a late period. When the  in  was  in, a  of  was found with the  ἱερομνήμονος, and as it is certain that  took place in this  in the  of the , the  of Hieromnemon must have existed at that period. The meetings, however, were attended not only by the deputies, but by thousands of others who flocked to or for  and  purposes, or only for the sake of amusement. This occasioned popular meetings (εκκλησἰαι) distinct from those of the regular deputies. But we cannot suppose that all the indiscriminately were allowed to take part in those popular, which must have consisted of visitors from the s which were members of the Amphictyony. Wise and humane as were the objects of the Amphictyons, yet wherever they actively interfered in the affairs of during the, we find that they were more powerful for evil than for good; and the s which were carried on by them in the defence of the c  and the  of, contributed not a little to the demoralisation of the. The very first that the Amphictyons interfered in the affairs of we find them acting in direct opposition to the spirit of their. We allude to the or, which broke out in, and lasted till  The inhabitants of  (or ), on the , were charged with  and  towards the strangers who landed at their , or passed through their  on their way to. For this the Amphictyons declared against, and it was vigorously carried on by the  and , the  of. They even pretended to have the sanction of to dedicate the  and  to, to  them, and make their land a  for ever. is said to have been terminated by a stratagem of, who ed the s of the , from which  was supplied. When was taken, the  of the Amphictyons was literally carried into effect:  was razed to the ground, its  choked up, and its   changed into a wilderness. Such was the terrible vengeance taken by a body of confederates, whose original object was to prevent those very things which they now perpetrated to uphold the of  presiding over them. The, which likewise lasted for ten s, from to , was carried on with unparalleled exasperation for all that period, and nearly all the  took part in it. The had set their hearts upon conquering, but screened their designs behind a charge preferred against the , alleging that they had  the  of , because they had taken into  a tract of  belonging to the c. The Amphictyonic, before which the charge was brought, condemned the to pay a heavy , and to destroy the  of the  s. No sooner was this verdict pronounced than the , , , and  took up  to execute it. The were joined by  and, and took possession of the  of  and its treasures, which they were obliged to employ in defraying the s of the. was carried on with unexampled cruelty, for even the surrender of the dead for was refused, and all   were. also afforded an opportunity to interfere in the affairs of. Being invited by the to co-operate with them against the,  and his  acted as the champions of , and defeated the  in a bloody  near. Three thousand  were. , however, remained undaunted until at length they were compelled by to. The Amphictyons now excluded them for ever from the league, their and s were to be delivered up, their s to be destroyed, and the people were henceforth to live in small s, and to pay  to  sixty s (about 15,000) until the should be completely. n and  carried the judgment into execution; twenty-two s disappeared from the face of the, and the otherwise   remained for many s a wilderness. A was decreed against the  of, because its inhabitants had taken into  the  of ; but in reality the  was brought about by the venal creatures who endeavoured to promote the ambitious schemes of , who was bent upon making himself master of. broke out in, and its unfortunate consequences led to the catastrophe which deprived of her independence in the  of. Such is a brief outline of the of the c Amphictyony, which not only itself violated its first principles, but is not known to have ever raised its voice to condemn the wanton destruction of other Amphictyonic s, such as  and. There were many other confederations of a similar kind, some of which, however, do not bear the name of Amphictyonies in the authorities from which we derive our information regarding them. The following were among the most noted:—

1. The Amphictyony of, an near, consisted of the seven s of , , , , , , and the. These s took part in the s which were offered up in the of, situated on the. and displaced  and  when these lost their independence. It is difficult to see what object could unite s so widely apart. Some suppose that the s forming the league were originally ; others, that they all were interested in the defence of s against inland s. 2. Amphictyony of, in the of in, was likewise connected with the  of. As at all other Amphictyonies, the meetings of the members were celebrated with various, solemnities, and public. We do not know the s that constituted this league.

3. Amphictyony of, in, connected with the of. We know that the two s of and  were members of it, and that there existed an ancient  by which these two  pledged themselves not to use against each other any  thrown from afar.

4. Amphictyony of , connected with the of, was a league formed among the inhabitants of the  and the  in the neighbourhood. Its institution was ascribed to. The solemnities connected with its meetings gradually fell into disuse, until they were revived and increased in, when the of  was purified by the. The, after this , regularly sent an  to , and 