Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 1.djvu/656

618  II. was born in, and in succeeded his father,, as of , his mother, Petronilla, daughter of ,  of , at the same  resigning  to him. He was frequently at with  of, and also directed an expedition against the , from which the invasion of  by  of  recalled him. He assisted of  against, for which service he was relieved from doing  to. He died in. He was a of the s, and wrote some s in the.

III., the son of, was born in, and in , on the death of , being absent in on an expedition against his uncle , assumed the title of without taking the s of adherence to the articles to which his predecessors had subscribed. When he returned in, however, he was compelled to go through the usual ceremony. In he signed the Privilege of Union, which permitted his subjects to have recourse to  to defend their, and invested the justizero with the power of citing the  himself to appear before the. Alphonso's chief s were with of,  of , and the. He died in.

IV., son of, was born in, and ascended the in. During almost the whole of his reign he was occupied in with the  about the possession of  and. He died in.

V. of, I. of and, and latterly I. of , was born in , and succeeded his father, , as of  and of  and , in. In  of  offered to make Alphonso her successor if he would assist her against  of. This he did; but, owing to misunderstandings, the queen revoked her of Alphonso in, making  of  her. Recalled to immediately after by an attack made by the  upon, he left his brother  as his  at , which he had taken by storm the year before. On his way to he captured, but generously refrained from pillaging,, a  belonging to his rival the. After restoring peace at home, Alphonso again turned his attention to, where his cause now appeared to be hopeless. of died in, and  the , leaving  to 's brother , who had in his possession the  except a few es which still held out for Alphonso. In the same  Alphonso laid  to, but the  was raised, and Alphonso himself  by ,  of. , however, being greatly pleased with the high character and appearance of Alphonso, soon released him, and even made him his. Immediately on recovering his, Alphonso made a third attempt upon the of. The issue of the at first was doubtful, but latterly the  of Alphonso were nearly everywhere victorious. He laid to, and after an obstinate resistance captured it in. The were then convoked, and solemnly proclaimed Alphonso ; his  being sanctioned by, who had previously promised that honour to. Alphonso now fixed his residence at, and devoted himself chiefly to the improvement of his ; although he was also frequently involved in the s and disputes of the s. He died at  on the 27th  ; and was succeeded in his s of  and of  and  by his brother , and in that of  by his. Alphonso was undoubtedly one of the best s of his name. His bravery and ship fitted him for the like enterprises he had to undertake; and it is evident that, from his generous and humane disposition, as well as from his love of and encouragement of  and, his rule would have been equally successful had it been his lot to live in more peaceful times.

4th,—.—I., Enriquez, son of of, of, and Teresa of , was born at  in. He succeeded his father in, and was placed under the tutelage of his mother. When he came of age he was obliged to wrest from her by force that power which her vices and incapacity had rendered disastrous to the. Being proclaimed of  in, he defeated his mother's troops near , making her at the same time. He also vanquished of, his mother's , and thus freed  from dependence on the  of. Next turning his against the, he obtained, on the 26th  , the famous victory of , and immediately after was proclaimed  by his soldiers. Not satisfied with this, however, he assembled the of the  at, where he received the  from the  of ; the assembly also declaring that  was no longer a dependency of. Alphonso continued to distinguish himself by his exploits against the, from whom he wrested in , and  in. Some later he became involved in a  that had broken out among the s of ; and in, being  during an engagement near  by a fall from his , he was  by the soldiers of the  of , and was obliged to surrender as his  almost all the conquests he had made in. In, in spite of his great age, he had still sufficient energy to relieve his son , who was bed in by the. He died shortly after, in. Alphonso was a man of stature, being 7  high according to some authors. He has long been regarded as a by the, who reverence him both on account of his personal character and as the founder of.

II., &ldquo;The,&rdquo; was born in, and succeeded his father,, in. He was engaged in with the, and gained a victory over them at in. He also endeavoured to weaken the power of the, and to apply a portion of their enormous s to purposes of. Having been for this by the , he promised to make amends to the ; but he died in  before doing anything to fulfil his engagement. Alphonso framed a which introduced several beneficial changes into the s of.

III., son of, was born in, and succeeded his brother, , in. Besides making upon the, he was, like , frequently embroiled with the. In his reign became part of. Alphonso died in.

IV. was born in, and in succeeded his father,, whose death he had hastened by his intrigues and rebellions. with the and with the  occupied many s of his reign, during which he gained some successes; but by consenting to the barbarous  of, who was secretly  to his son , he has fixed an indelible stain on his character. Enraged at this barbarous act, put himself at the head of an, and devastated the whole of  between the  and the  before he was reconciled to his father. Alphonso died almost immediately after, on the 12th.

V., Africano, was born in, and succeeded 