Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 1.djvu/172

Rh 15G ADMIRAL that the office was in Edward s time to some extent honorary ; for that monarch, in 1307, orders the lord mayor of London, at his peril and without delay, to provide a good ship, well equipped, to carry his pavilions and tents ; and in the same year another order is addressed to the Vicccomes Kantice to provide for immediate passage across the seas tot ct tales ponies et claias, as the constable of Dover Castle should demand, without one word being mentioned of the admiral. (Ryiner, vol. iii. p. 32.) It is to be observed, how ever, that at this time the royal fleets were made up of royal and private ships, and that the admiral would not be charged with the transport of such things as those mentioned unless the fleet was intended to co-operate with the land forces. From the 34th Edward II. we have a regular and uninterrupted succession of admirals. In that year Edward Charles was appointed admiral of the north, from the mouth of the river Thames north ward, and Gervase Allard admiral of the west, from the mouth of the Thames westward ; and these two admirals of the north and the west were continued down to the 34th Edward III., when Sir John de Beauchamp, lord warden of the Cinque Ports, constable of the Tower of London and of the Castle of Dover, was constituted High Admiral of England, Nine years afterwards the office was again divided into north and west, and so continued until the 10th Richard JI., when Richard, son of Alain, Earl of Arundel, was appointed Admiral of England. Two years after this it was again divided as Ixjfore ; and in the 15th year of the same reign, Edward, Earl of Rutland and Cork, afterwards Duke of Albemarle, was constituted High Admiral of the North and West ; and after him the Marquis of Dorset and Earl of Somerset, son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster. Percy, Earl of Winchester, next succeeded to the same title, which once more was dropped in the 2d of Henry IV., and divided as before. Sir Thomas Beaufort was twice appointed by Henry IV. admiral of England; and on the accession of Henry V. he was reappointed by letters patent dated 3d June 1413. In the 14th Henry VI., John Holland, Duke of Exeter, was created admiral of England, Ireland, and Aquitaine, for life ; and in the third year of Ed ward -VI., John Dudley, Earl of Warwick, was constituted high admiral of England, Ireland, Wales, C alais, Boulogne, the marches of the same, Normandy, Gascony, and Aquitaine, also captain -general of the navy and seas of the king, &c. In the 27th Elizabeth, Charles, Lord Howard, had all the aforesaid titles, with the addition of captain -general of the navy and seas of the said kingdoms. On the 20th November 1632 the office of high admiral was for the first time put in commission, all the great officers of state being the commissioners. During the Commonwealth a committee of Parliament managed the affairs of the Admiralty. At the Restoration, in 1660, the Duke of York was constituted Lord High Admiral of Eng land. The commission was revoked in 1673, and King Charles II. held the Admiralty in his own hands, and managed it by the great officers of his privy council tili 1684, when the Duke of York was re-instated. Charles took this occa sion of reserving for his own use all the droits and per quisites claimed by the lord high admiral. Annexed is a list of lord high admirals and first lords of the Admiralty from the time of Charles the Second to the year 1874 : FROM 16 GO. Date of Appointment . June 6, 1660. . June . July May . Feb. . Jan. . April May FIRST LORDS OF THK ADMIRALTY James Duke of York,* .... King Charles the Second, .... Prince Rupert, ...... Sir Henry Capell, Kt., Daniel Finch, Esq., Daniel Lord Finch Daniel Earl of Nottingham, James Duke of York (and as James II.),t. Arthur Herbert, Ksq., .... Thomas Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery, Charles Lord Corn wall is, .... Anthony Viscount Falkland, Edward Russell, Esq., .... Edward Earl of Or ford, .... John Kari of Bridgewater, .... Thomas Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery, George Prince of Denmark,! Thomas Karl of Pembroke and Montgomery, + Edward Earl of Or ford, .... Sir John l^eake, Kt, .... Thomas Earl of Strafford, .... Kdward Karl of Or ford, .... James Karl of Berkeley, .... Lord Vi S (. oun t Torrington, . 14, 1673. 9, 1673. 14, 1679. 14, 1680. 20, 1681. 17, 1684. 17, 1684. March 8, 1689. Jan. 20, 1690. March 10, 1692. April 15, 1693. 2, 1694. 5, 1697. 31, 1699. 4, 1701. 20, 1702. 29, 1708. 8, 1709. 4, 1710. 30, 1712. 14, 1714. May June May April May Nov. Nov. Oct. Sept. Oct. March 19, 1717. Aug. 2 ; 1727. Sir Charles Wager, Kt., . Daniel Earl of Winchelsea and Nottingham, John Duke of Bedford, .... John Earl of Sandwich, .... George Lord Anson, Richard Earl Temple, .... Daniel Earl of Winchelsea and Nottingham, George Lord Anson, ..... George Dank Earl of Halifax, George Grenville, Esq., .... John Earl of Sandwich, .... John Earl of Egmont, .... Sir Charles Sauuders, K.B., Sir Edward Hawke, K.B., John Earl of Sandwich, .... Hon. Augustus Keppel, .... Augustus Viscount Keppel, Richard Viscount Howe, .... Augustus Viscount Keppel, Richard Viscount Howe, .... John Earl of Chatham, .... George John Earl Spencer, John Earl of St Vincent, K.B Henry Lord Viscount Melville,. Charles Lord Bartram, .... Charles Grey, Esq., ..... Thomas Grenville, Esq., .... Henry Lord Mulgrave, .... Right Hon. Charles Yorke, Right Hon. Robert Viscount Melville, H. R, H. William Henry Duke of Clarence, J Right Hon. Robert Viscount Melville, K.T., Right Hon. Sir James R. G. Graham, Bart., Right Hon. George Baron Auckland,. Thomas Philip Earl de Grey, Right Hon. George Baron Auckland,. Gilbert Earl of Minto, G.C.B.,. Thomas Karl of Haddington, Right Hon. Edward Earl of Ellenborough, Right Hon. George Earl of Auckland (died Is January 1849), Right Hon. Sir Francis T. Baring, Bart.,. Algernon Percy Duke of Northumberland, K.G. Right Hon. Sir James R. G. Graham, Bart., Right Hon. Sir Charles Wood, Bart., Right Hon. Sir John Pakington, Bart., Edward A. St Maur Duke of Somerset, K.G., Right Hon. Sir J. S. Pakington, Bart, G.C.B., Right Hon. Henry Thomas Lowry Cony,. Right Hon. Hugh Culling Earclley Childers, Riffht Hon. George Joachim Goschen, Pate of Appointment June 21, J733. March 19, 1741. Dec. 27, 1744. 16, 1748. 22, 1751. 17, 1756. 6, 1757. 2, 1757. 17, 1762. 18, 1762. April 20, 1763. Sept. 16, 1763. 15, 1766. 11, 1766. 12, 1771. 1, 1782. 18, 1782. 30, 1783. 10, 17*3. 31, 1783. 16, 1788. 19, 1794. 19, 1801. 15, 1804. 2, 1805. 10, 1806. 29, 1806. 6, 1807. 24, 1809. March 25, 1812. May 2, 1827. Sept. 19, 1828. 25, 1830. 11, 1834. 23, 1834. Feb. J une Nov. April July June Oct. Sept. Dec. Jan. April July Jan. April Dec. July Dec. Feb. May May Feb. Sept. April Nov. Nov. June Dec. April 25, 1835. Sept. 19, 1835. 8, 18-11. 13, 1846. Sept. Jan. July Jan. Feb. Jan. 24, 1846. 18, 1849. 28, 1852. 5, 1853. March 8, 1855. March 9, 1858. June 28, 1859. July 13, 1866. March 8, 1867. Dec. 18, 1868. March 13, 1871. t Lord High Admiral and Lord General. Lord High Admirals of Great Britain. Prince George of Denmark, when lord high admiral, having surrendered, by a formal instrument, all the rights, profits, perquisites, and advantages whatsoever, appertaining to the office, for the benefit and use of the public, with the exception of the sum of 2500 a-year, to be disposed of in such manner and for such particular uses as her Majesty, under her sign manual, should direct; and the salary of the lord high admiral, which had hitherto been no more than 300 marks, was now fixed, by warrant under privy seal, at 7000 a-year. This sum, by 1st George II. , was divided equally among seven commissioners, an arrangement which continued from that time, except that the pay of the com missioner who stood first in the patent was made up from other funds to 3000 a-year, and in the year 1806 was further increased to 5000 a-year. Since the surrender above mentioned, all the droite of admiralty, as they are called, with all the fees, emoluments, and perquisites what soever, have been taken from the admiral and applied to public purposes. These droits and perquisites are by no means inconsider able. As enumerated in the patent, they consist of flotsam, jetsam, ligan, treasure, deodands, derelicts, found within the admiral s jurisdiction; all goods picked up at sea; all fines, forfeitures, ransoms, recognisances, and pecuniary punish ments ; all sturgeons, whales, porpoises, dolphins, and
 * Lord High Admiral of England.