Page:Eminent Chinese Of The Ch’ing Period - Hummel - 1943 - Vol. 2.pdf/355

 (瑣記), 2 chüan; and a collection of verse, T'an-ying ko shih-kao (閣詩稿), 8 chüan. The verses, divided into four parts, with prefaces dated 1874, 1884, 1887, and 1879, show that he possessed some of the whimsical humor and poise of his grandfather.

[1/490/1a; 3/234/21a; 17/6/95a; 20/2/00; Fang Chün-shih 方濬師, Sui-yüan nien-p'u (1872); Yang Hung-lüeh 楊鴻烈, Yüan Mei p'ing-chuan (1927); Imbault-Huart, Camille, "Un Poète chinois du XVIIIe siècle, Yüan Tseu-ts'ai, sa vie et ses oeuvres," ''Jour. N. China Br. Royal As. Soc. XIX (pt. II) p. 1 ff.; Chu Tung-jun, "Yüan Mei as a Literary Critic "(in Chinese), Wuhan Quart. Jour. of Liberal Arts (Wên-chê chi-k'an) vol. 2, no. 3 (1933); Giles, H. A., A History of Chinese Literature, pp. 405–413; idem "The Art of Dining" and other essays in Gems of Chinese Literature, pp. 254–257; Panking, Livre de cuisine d'un gourmet poète (Le Brillat-Savarin), Peking, 1924; Li Hsüan-po, "The Family of Ts'ao Hsüeh-ch'in, a New Study"(in Chinese), Ku-kung chou-k'an'' (see under ) nos. 84, 85; "Yüan Tsu-chih and the Controversy over the Garden Known as Sui-yüan" (in Chinese), in 中央日報 Chung-yang jih-pao, Dec. 15, 1936].

2em

YÜAN Ying-t'ai 袁應泰, d. May 11, 1621, Ming general, was a native of Fêng-hsiang, Shensi. He took the degree of chin-shih in 1595 and became district magistrate of Linchang, Honan. Here he distinguished himself by successfully carrying out a reclamation project involving the building of forty li of dikes along the Chang river, and so bringing irrigation to several hundred thousand acres of land. Transferred to the Board of Works as a second-class secretary, he rose to be a department director in the Board of War and then secretary to the military administrator of northern Kiangsu. After a period of retirement, he was appointed judicial commissioner for Honan with oversight of military affairs, and was active in furnishing troops, supplies, and ammunition to the armies of in Liaotung. In the autumn of 1620 he was sent to Liaotung as governor, replacing Chou Yung-ch'un 周永春, and a month later, while holding concurrently the post of junior vice-president of the Board of War, he took the place of the generalissimo, Hsiung T'ing-pi, who had been recalled.

Yüan was an inferior disciplinarian, quite unfitted for the problems he faced. One of his greatest errors was in accepting the submission of Mongol tribes who, driven by hunger, came pouring over the border, and in settling them extensively in Shên-yang and Liao-yang to keep them from joining the Manchus. The hostility which developed between them and the Chinese population had disastrous consequences. After the Manchus took Shên-yang through Mongol treachery, May 4, 1621, Yüan attempted to defend Liao-yang. On May 11 the army sent to meet the Manchus was routed, and two days later the enemy entered the city—again, it was suspected, with Mongol connivance. Yüan, carrying out a vow to remain in Liaotung, dressed himself in full regalia and committed suicide. When the report of his death reached the Court he was posthumously elevated to the post of president of the Board of War. In 1776 he was canonized as Chung-chieh 忠節.

[M.1/259/4b; Fêng-hsiang hsien-chih (1767) 6/17b; text of memorial tablet in Lin-chang hsien-chih (11907) 12/37a].

2em

 YÜEH Chung-ch'i 岳鍾琪, 1686–1754, Duke Wei-hsin (威信公), general, was a descendant of the Sung hero, Yueh Fei 岳飛. For generations his family lived in Kansu, but his father, Yüeh Shêng-lung 岳昇龍, a commander-in-chief in Szechwan for many years (1696–98, 1700–11), was permitted by imperial decree to settle in Chengtu. Yüeh Chung-ch'i began his official career by purchasing the rank of a sub-prefect, but in 1711 he was appointed a major at Sung-p'an, Szechwan. Made a colonel in 1718, he was active in the following three years in stabilizing the Sikang region west of Szechwan, when the Eleuths invaded Tibet, a region he helped to recover in 1720 (see under ). After the triumphant return of the troops in 1721, he was made commander-in-chief of Szechwan. In the same year, for pacifying a tribe of aborigines, he was given the minor hereditary rank of Ch'i-tu-yü.

In 1723 the Khoshote prince of Kokonor, Lobdzan Dandzin (see under ), rebelled. His father, having been defeated by, surrendered to Emperor Shêng-tsu in 1697 at Ninghsia, and was made head of the Khoshotes in Kokonor with the rank of a prince. Lodbzan Dandzin inherited the princedom, but 957