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 taining selections from seventy minor poets of the same period, reveal unusual literary taste and independance of judgment. She had courage even to disagree with such critics as and. At the same time she was interested in history. Her notes on historical episodes of the Yuan and Ming periods were brought together in a work entitled 元明逸史 Yüan-Ming i-shih, 80 chüan, but the manuscript of this work she later destroyed.

Ch'ên P'ei-chih, her husband, was well-known as a poet. As a hsiu-ts'ai he purchased the rank of a second-class sub-prefect. While awaiting appointment he worked at Yangchow in charge of river transportation and was highly applauded by his superiors. About 1825 he was named second-class sub-prefect of Yunnanfu which he declined. While stopping at Hankow in expectation of appointment to another post, he died, at the age of thirty-three sui. An early collection of his verse was entitled 春藻堂初集 Ch'un-tsao t'ang ch'u-chi. His collected works were edited and published by Wang Tuan in 1828 under the title 澄懷堂集 Ch'êng-huai t'ang chi, 14 chüan. He is noted for his memoirs of his beautiful and talented concubine, Wang Tzŭ-lan 王子蘭, a work entitled 香畹樓憶語 Hsiang-wan lou i-yü. These memoirs include a sketch of Wang Tzŭ-lan's life by Ch'ên Wên-shu, eulogies of her by many friends, including Wang Tuan, and a collection of tz'ŭ, or poems in irregular meter, by Ch'ên P'ei-chih, entitled 夢玉詞 Meng-gi tz'ŭ. These were published in 1824 under the collective title 湘煙小錄 Hsiang-yen hsiao-lu.

[1/513/19a; 2/73/8b;5/85/1a; 20/4/00, portraits of Wang Tuan and Ch'ên P'ei-chih; 21/8/1a; Liang-Chê yu-hsüan hsü-lu (see under ) 54/1a.]

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WANG Wan 汪琬, Mar. 5, 1624–1691, Jan. 8, writer, was a native of Ch'ang-chou (Soochow), Kiangsu. A chin-shih of 1655, he was made (1658) a secretary in the Board of Revenue and later (1660) rose to be a department director in the Board of Punishments. In 1661 he was named one of several thousand delinquents in the tax payment case of Kiangnan (see under ) and was degraded to a police magistrate in the north city of Peking. In this post he was much praised by the common people for his justice and for the help he rendered to the poor and oppressed. In 1666 he was again appointed a secretary in the Board of Revenue, and three years later was sent to Nanking to serve concurrently as supervisor of the Hsi-hsin-kuan 西新關 customs district—one of two customs districts in the Nanking area which were merged in 1671 under one supervisor, and later were put under the charge of the superintendent of the Imperial Manufactory at Nanking.

Wang Wan returned to Peking in September 1670, but a few months later he retired to his home in the Western suburbs of Soochow. In 1678 he was summoned to Peking to take, in the following year, the special examination known as po-hsüeh hung-tz'ŭ (see under ). Chosen as nineteenth among the fifty successful competitors, he was awarded the rank of a compiler in the Hanlin Academy, and was ordered to assist in the compilation of the official history of the Ming Dynasty (see under ). In this capacity he completed 175 biographies. He resigned in 1681 and spent the remainder of his life at Soochow.

Straightforward and outspoken by temper, Wang Wan often criticized the writings of other scholars, provoking them at the same time to bitter criticisms of his own works. He was respected as a scholar and was regarded as one of the best essayists of his day. He printed his own collected works in two series: the first, entitled 鈍翁類稿 Tun-wêng lei-kao, 62 chüan, in 1674–76; the second, Tun-wêng hsü (續) kao, 56 chüan, in 1684–85. In 1690, shortly before his death, he edited a smaller collection of his works, selected from earlier publications and from his later writings. This new edition includes ten chüan of verse, entitled 堯峯詩鈔 Yao-fêng shih-ch'ao, and forty chüan of essays, entitled Yao-fêng wên-ch'ao. The final manuscripts for this edition, transcribed personally by one of his disciples,, were printed in facsimile in 1692–93. Another edition of his essays, entitled Yao-fêng wên-lu (錄), 16 chüan, was made in 1887 by Chin Wu-lan 金吳瀾, magistrate of K'un-shan, 1876–81; acting magistrate of Wu-hsien, 1884–85.

[Chao Ching-ta 趙經達, Wang Yao-fêng hsien-shêng nien-p'u (年譜); 1/489/13b; 3/120/18a; 4/45/10b; 20/1/00; 30/1/22b.]

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WANG Wên-chih 王文治, Dec. 25, 1730–1802, May 27, calligrapher and poet, was born in Tan-t'u, Kiangsu. It is said 840