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 a Manchu woman who was a distant relative. About a decade later he kept three Chinese concubines, one of them represented as an entertainer in Hangchow where he spent gay months in 1873 serving as assistant provincial examiner of Chekiang. Late in 1882, when he returned from Foochow, he took back with him a woman from one of the Chiang-shan ch'uan 江山船, or pleasure-boats on the Ch'ien-t'ang River. Before reaching Peking, however, he sent to the throne a memorial in which he purposely denounced his own disgraceful behavior. In consequence of this memorial he was deprived of his position. Thereafter he lived in retirement, diverting himself by writing poems and visiting the Western Hills, whose natural beauty he much enjoyed. His death is said to have been hastened by heavy drinking. His poems were edited and printed in 36 chüan by his sons, under the title 偶齋詩草 Ou-chai shih-ts'ao.

The eldest son of Pao-t'ing, Shou-fu 壽富, obtained his chin-shih degree in 1898. In the same year he became an assistant professor in the Peking Imperial University (see under ) and made a tour of inspection in Japan. Upon his return he presented to the throne his report, entitled 日本風土記 Jih-pên fêng-t'u chi, 4 chüan, in which he advocated the modernization of China on the pattern of Japan. Soon after, however, the coup d'état of the Empress Dowager took place (see under ), and he was forced to retire. When the Boxer Rebellion broke out (1900) Shou-fu advised to force the Kansu army, under the command of Tung Fu-hsiang (see under ), to evacuate Peking so that these troops would not come into conflict with those of the foreign powers. Jung-lu, however, did not follow this advice, and when Tung's army attacked the Legations, the Allied forces threatened the capital. In this crisis Shou-fu's father-in-law, Lien-yüan 聯元, urged the inadvisability of resisting the foreign troops, but his opinion was disregarded and he was executed (August 11, 1900) by influential conservatives, on the charge of treason. On August 14, the Allied forces entered Peking, and three days later when a foreign contingent approached his residence, Shou-fu and his brother, Shou-fan 壽蕃, and his two younger sisters, took poison. But before the poison could take effect they hanged themselves. Shou-fu's wife and her two infants survived.

[1/450/2a; Nien-p'u (see above); Fan-t'ien lu ts'ung-lu (see bibl. under ) chüan 7; Chên-chün 震鈞, 天咫偶聞 T'ien-chih ou-wên (1907) 5/14b; Hsüeh-ch'iao shih-hua (see under ), first series, 12/62b; Chin-liang (see under ), Chin-shih jên-wu chih (1934), p. 276; for Shou-fu, 1/474/3a; 6/33/16a; Hsi-hsün hui-luan shih-mo (see bibl. under ) 3/26a.]

2em

 PAO T'ing-po 鮑廷博, 1728–1814, Sept. 26, bibliophile, was born in a merchant family of Shê-hsien, Anhwei. His grandfather and his father conducted a salt business in Chekiang and established homes both in Hangchow and in a small town named Ch'ing-chên 青鎮 in the northwestern part of the district of T'ung-hsiang, also in Chekiang. Although Pao T'ing-po lived most of his life at the latter place, he is variously listed as a native of all three districts, particularly Shê-hsien where in 1750 he registered as a hsiu-ts'ai. After failing twice in provincial examinations, he gave up hope of entering officialdom and enjoyed a long life of book-collecting and private study. His library, the well-known Chih-pu-tsu chai 知不足齋, in his home in Hangchow, was noted for its numerous rare books printed during the Sung and Yüan dynasties. The name, Chih-pu-tsu chai (Know-your-deficiencies Studio), was derived from a sentence in the Record of Rites (Li-chi XVI, 3) which reads: Hsüeh jan-hou chih-pu-tsu 學然後知不足 "After studying, one knows one's deficiencies".

In 1773 when the project for compiling the Imperial Manuscript Library known as the Ssŭ-k'u ch'üan-shu began (see under ), Pao submitted, in the name of his elder son, Pao Shih-kung 鮑士恭, a hsiu-ts'ai of Jên-ho (Hangchow), 626 items of printed books and manuscripts-only three other families rivaling him in submitting more than five hundred items each (see under , and ). In recognition of their liberality the Emperor gave to each of these four families a set of the encyclopaedia, Ku-chin t'u-shu chi-ch'êng (see under ). Those bibliophiles (nine in number) who offered between one hundred and five hundred works were each given a set of the dictionary, P'ei-wên 612