Page:Eminent Chinese Of The Ch’ing Period - Hummel - 1943 - Vol. 1.pdf/80

Rh returned to Peking for an audience but was sent back to Kansu when another rebellion of the natives of Kokonor broke out. From May to July he fought against the insurgents, finally annihilating them between Kokonor and the Yellow River. After the victory he was made a Grand Secretary, reaching Peking late in 1822. Early in 1823 he was made concurrently a Grand Councilor. But he was not to enjoy tranquillity in Peking long. Early in 1825 he went to Yunnan as governor-general of that province and of Kweichow, and late in that year was again made military-governor of Ili. He took over his post in Ili in March 1826, being then 69 sui.

At this time the borders of Chinese Turkestan were being disturbed by Jehangir (張格爾, d. 1828, age 39 sui), a descendant of the Hodjas who had ruled in Turkestan. Jehangir's grandfather, Burhan-al-Din (see under ), was ejected from Kashgar in 1758 and was murdered, leaving a son, Sarim Sak 薩林薩克, who took refuge in Khokand. Jehangir, the second son of Sarim Sak, was dissatisfied with life in exile, and owing to his ancestry, was able to get support from fellow-Mohammedans in plotting the recovery of Kashgar. At the end of the Chia-ch'ing period the assistant military-governor of Kashgar was a Manchu of loose character who was hated by the people. Seizing an opportunity, Jehangir collected several hundred Buruts and crossed the border. He was soon driven out, but maintained his headquarters near by in order to harass the border patrol. Though the Manchu governor was removed and punished, dissention among the Mohammedans, who were incited by Jehangir, continued. In 1825 Emperor Hsüan-tsung attempted to effect reforms in that region and appointed Ch'ing-hsiang 慶祥 (d. 1826, posthumous name 壯直, the Duke I-lieh 義烈公, and a Mongol of the Tubet clan 圖伯特) as assistant military-governor at Kashgar, and Ch'ang-ling as military-governor at Ili. In July 1826, four months after Ch'ang-ling reached Ili, Jehangir led his men across the border and within a month took four cities in Chinese Turkestan—Kashgar, Yingeshar, Yarkand and Khotan. Ch'ing-hsiang committed suicide and many of the garrison were killed. But Ch'ang-ling sent reinforcements in time to Aksu and to Ush, thus halting the spread of Jehangir's influence. Aksu became the base for a large army, and Ch'ang-ling was made commander with the rank of General Yang-wei (揚威將軍). Taking with him about twenty thousand men, Ch'ang-ling began to advance early in March 1827, his chief assistants being Ulungga 武隆阿 (d. 1831?), and. After a number of victories he entered Kashgar on March 28. In a short time all the other cities were recovered. But the emperor, irritated at Jehangir's escape, was not satisfied and had Ch'ang-ling reprimanded. When an army sent in pursuit of Jehangir clashed with the Khokand army and was defeated, the emperor ordered the withdrawal of the main troops, leaving 8,000 men at Kashgar under the newly appointed assistant-commander, When Ch'ang-ling advocated the appointment of one of the Hodjas as ruler of Kashgar, the emperor was greatly displeased and sent  to take his command. While the latter was on the journey to assume his post, Ch'ang-ling and Yang Fang captured Jehangir by the following ruse. They circulated false rumors to the effect that Kashgar was undefended and could easily be taken. Jehangir fell into the trap and crossed the border again. Though he withdrew when he saw danger it was too late, for Yang Fang had already observed him. After a pursuit lasting several days Jehangir was taken alive on February 14, 1828. When the news reached Peking Ch'ang-ling was rewarded with a dukedom of the second class, with the designation, Wei-yung 威勇公, and with rights of perpetual inheritance. He was ordered to return to Peking to celebrate the victory of which Emperor Hsüan-tsung was determined to make the most. In imitation of his grandfather, the emperor ordered that portraits of forty of the generals and high officials be hung in the Tzŭ-kuang-ko (see under ). When in June Jehangir was delivered to Peking, he was "presented"—before being quartered—to the Imperial Ancestral Temple at a ceremony known as hsien-fu 獻俘. Such a ceremony had taken place twice before: in 1724 after the capture of the rebel leaders of Kokonor (see under ) and in 1776 with the leaders of the Chin-ch'uan rebels (see under ). A ceremony known as shou-fu 收俘, or "receiving captives" by the emperor, was also performed —earlier observances of it being at the reception of Galdan's son in 1697 (see under ), of Lobdzan Dandzin in 1755 (see under ), of Davatsi in 1756 (see under ), of the Kokonor rebels, and of the Chin-ch'uan aborigines. After 1828 neither of these ceremonies was again observed, for thereafter the government suffered many defeats, and whatever 68