Page:Eminent Chinese Of The Ch’ing Period - Hummel - 1943 - Vol. 1.pdf/77

Rh and Shu-ching (書經) chung-lun, 4 chüan. In the Tu-su t'ang wên-chi appears an account of Emperor Shêng-tsu's second tour to South China (1689) and a collection of miscellaneous notes.

Chang Ying's eldest son, Chang T'ing-tsan 張廷瓚, became a chin-shih in 1679, entering the Hanlin Academy with the same rank that his father had achieved twelve years previously. His second son, Chang T'ing-yü, who became a chin-shih and Hanlin bachelor in 1700, was highly trusted by three emperors. Two other sons, Chang T'ing-lu 張廷璐, and Chang T'ing-chüan 張廷瑑 , also entered the Academy. It is noteworthy that in addition to Chang Ying himself and his four above mentioned sons, four grandsons and one great-grandson received this distinction.

[1/273/4a; 3/9/29a; 74/1a, 6b; Chang Wên-tuan kung chi (1897) of which the section, entitled Ts'un-ch'êng t'ang shih-chi 4/14b, gives date of birth; T'oung Pao (1924), p. 365; 張氏宗譜 Chang-shih tsung-p'u (1890), 4/12b passim.]

2em

CHANG Yü-chao 張裕釗, 1833–1894, man of letters, was born in a village near Wuchang, Hupeh. His father, Chang Shan-chün 張善準, was a local scholar of some note. After studying under his father, he obtained in 1846 his chü-jên degree, and in 1850 went to Peking where he was made a secretary of the Grand Secretariat. Late in 1852, when the Taipings threatened Wuchang, he returned to his native place and shortly after became a member of the secretarial staff of with whom he had become acquainted during his stay in Peking. With and  he then studied diligently the belles-lettres of the T'ung-ch'êng school (see under ). Unlike other followers of Tsêng Kuo-fan he was indifferent to political and military affairs, hence he did not obtain an official position. After the Taipings had been subdued and Tsêng Kuo-fan twice took office in Nanking as governor-general of Liang-Kiang, Chang was invited to the city to direct several academies, at the same time assisting Tsêng in cultural matters. In 1881 Chang was made chief compiler of a gazetteer Kao-ch'un, Kiangsu, and corrected the drafts compiled by local scholars. The gazetteer was printed in the same year in 28 chüan under the title 高淳縣志 Kao-ch'un hsien-chih. Late in the 1880's he served for a few years as director of the Lien-ch'ih (蓮池) Academy at Pao-ting, Chihli, and then went to Sian, Shensi, where he lived under the patronage of the Tartar General.

Chang Yü-chao and Wu Ju-lun were perhaps the two best writers of the ku-wên, or archaic, style at the close of the Ch'ing period. Chang's prose works were edited and printed in 1882 by his pupil, Cha Yen-hsü (see below), under the title 濓亭文集 Lien-t'ing wên-chi, 8 chüan. Another collection of his prose, entitled Lien-t'ing i-wên (遺文), 5 chüan, and a collection of his verse, Lien-t'ing i-shih (詩), 2 chüan, were printed in 1895 by Li Shu-ch'ang. Chang's letters were collected by Liu Shêng-mu 劉聲木 under the title 張濓卿尺牘 Chang Lien-ch'ing ch'ih-tu, and were printed in 1929 in Liu's 桐城文學叢書 T'ung-ch'êng wên-hsüeh ts'ung-shu. Chang Yü-chao was also a famous calligrapher.

Among the disciples of Chang Yü-chao, not including those who were taught by both Chang and Wu Ju-lun (for whom see under ), were the following brilliant writers: Chu Ming-p'an 朱銘盤 ; Cha Yen-hsü 查燕緒 ; Sun Pao-t'ien 孫葆田 ; and Chang Chien 張謇. All of them left works, among them the 校經室文集 Chiao-ching shih wên-chi, 6 chüan (1916), a collection of prose by Sun Pao-t'ien; and the 張季子九錄 Chang Chi-tzŭ chiu-lu (1931), the collected works of Chang Chien, who was the chuang-yüan of 1894, and later became an industrialist and social reformer.

[1/491/19b; 6/51/10a; Liu Shêng-mu (see above), T'ung-ch'êng wên-hsüeh yüan-yüan k'ao (淵源考) 1909, chüan 10; Lien-t'ing wên-chi (see above), passim.]

2em

 CHANG Yü-shu 張玉書, July 22, 1642–1711, July 2, official and scholar, was a native of Tan-t'u, Kiangsu, second son of Chang Chiu-chêng 張九徵. Chang Yü-shu himself became a chin-shih in 1661, with appointment as bachelor in the Hanlin Academy. Three 65