Page:Eminent Chinese Of The Ch’ing Period - Hummel - 1943 - Vol. 1.pdf/61

Rh he married Li's only daughter who was about twenty years younger than he and noted for her accomplishments. Thereafter Chang lived in Tientsin under the patronage of his influential father-in-law, assisting him in various political reforms. By some he was known as one of the Three Reformers with the Surname Chang (新政三張)—the others being Chang Chih-tung and. But Chang P'ei-lun was unpopular with his colleagues who thought he relied on his connection with Li to act highhandedly. In the autumn of 1894 he was driven from Tientsin on the ground that he was an evil influence in the office of his father-in-law. After a short sojourn in his native place he retired (1895) to Nanking. During the Boxer Uprising in 1900, he was recommended by Li Hung-chang and was called to Peking where he received appointment as a compiler of the Hanlin Academy, but he returned to Nanking soon after because he differed with Lion on the policy toward Russia. In his declining years he had but few friends and even Chang Chih-tung is said to have turned against him.

Chang P'ei-lun was interested in classical study and produced a few works, among them one entitled 管子學 Kuan-tzŭ hsüeh, 24 chüan, on the ancient political work, Kuan-tzŭ. It was printed in 1928 by his son. He is reported also to have compiled a nien-p'u of Li Hung-chang. His literary works and his memorials were printed in 20 chüan in 1924 under the title, 㵎于全集 Chien-yü ch'üan-chi. His studio, styled Kan-chiu t'ing-li t'ing (柑酒聽鸝亭), contained a rich collection of books which, for a time at least, was not accessible to scholars.

[1/450/4a; 6/5/16a; 10/26/32a; Chin-shih jên-wu chih (see under ), pp. 238–40; Ch'ai Ê 柴萼, 梵天廬叢錄 Fan-t'ien-lu ts'ung-lu (1926), chüan 7; Liu Shêng-mu (see under ), 萇楚齋隨筆 Ch'ang-ch'u-chai sui-pi (1929), second series 1/3b, fifth series 3/3a; T'ung-Ch'êng Wu hsien-shêng wên-chi (see under ) 1/38b; 清季外交史料 Ch'ing-chi wai-chiao shih-liao (1933), chüan 45–7; Roche, J. E., and Cowen, L. L., The French at Foochow (1884); Loir, Maurice, L'escadre de l'Amiral Courbet (1886), pp. 101–88.]

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 CHANG P'êng-ko 張鵬翮, Dec. 20, 1649–1725, March-April, official, expert in river conservancy, was a native of Sui-ning, Szechwan, to which his ancestors had migrated from Ma-ch'êng, Hupeh, during the early Ming period. After taking his chin-shih degree in 1670 he was selected a bachelor in the Hanlin Academy. For ten years (1670–80) he held minor posts in the government—first as a secretary in the Board of Punishments and then as a department director in the Board of Ceremonies. Meanwhile he served as assistant examiner of the Shun-t'ien provincial examination (1675) and of the metropolitan examination (1676). In 1680 he was made prefect of Soochow, but soon returned home on account of the death of his mother. After completing the customary period of mourning (1683) he was made prefect of Yenchow, Shantung, an office he held for two years. During his administration he compiled the gazetteer of that prefecture, entitled 兖州府志 Yen-chou fu-chih, 40 + 1 chüan, printed in 1686. In 1685 he was promoted to the post of salt-controller of Shansi and in the following year (1686) was made secretary in the Transmission Office.

In 1688 an embassy, headed by, was appointed to confer with the Russian delegates at Selenga concerning a boundary dispute. Upon the recommendation of, a member of the embassy, Chang P'êng-ko and Ch'ên Shih-an 陳世安 were added to the staff as Chinese secretaries. Details of the journey (May 30–Sept. 7, 1688) are clearly recorded by Chang P'êng-ko in his diary, entitled 奉使俄羅斯行程錄 Fêng-shih Ê-lo-ssŭ hsing-ch'êng lu, 1 chüan, which is included in the ts'ung-shu, I-hai chu-ch'ên (see under ). In other collectanea it appears under the title, Fêng-shih Ê-lo-ssŭ jih-chi (日記), with variations in the text. The embassy was, however, stopped in Outer Mongolia by invasion of that territory, and was ordered to return to Peking. Upon his arrival at the capital Chang was made sub-director in the Court of Judicature and Revision. On March 12, 1689 he was appointed governor of Chekiang, an office he held until 1694. Then he was successively made junior-president of the Board of War (1694–97) and concurrently commissioner of education of Kiangnan; president of the Censorate (1697–98); president of the Board of Punishments (1698); and governor-general of Kiangnan and Kiangsi (1698–1700). In 1699 he returned with Emperor Shêng-tsu to the North, and T'ao-tai 陶岱 (clan name 瓜爾佳氏) was made acting governor-general in his stead. In the same year (1699) Chang was repeatedly sent to Shensi to investigate a case of 49