Page:Eminent Chinese Of The Ch’ing Period - Hummel - 1943 - Vol. 1.pdf/574

 to Ning-yüan in July 1627 he was severely wounded. In 1628, under a new emperor, he was recalled from the front and sent to the defense of Tatung, Shansi, against Mongol raids. Late in 1629 he was summoned to the defense of Peking when the Manchus made their first effective thrust toward the capital. After Yüan Ch'ung-huan was imprisoned and fled, Man Kuei was left alone to face the enemy. Despite stubborn resistance he was driven back and killed outside the south wall of Peking. He was canonized as Wu-min 武愍.

[M.1/171/7a; M.3/234/6a; M.8/86/10a; M.30/3/31a;, Tsui-wei lu, 12下/11a.]

2em

MANDAHAI 滿達海, d. 1652, age 31 (sui), member of the Ch'ing Imperial Family, was the seventh son of, the first Prince Li. He accompanied his father to the siege of Chinchou in 1640. In the following year, at the early age of twenty (sui), he was given the rank of a prince of the sixth degree and fought under at Sung-shan. In 1642 he took part in the capture of Ta-shan. He was with the army which broke through Shanhaikuan in 1644, and for his services was promoted two degrees to the rank of beise (貝子). Under he joined in the pursuit of  into Shensi, and for the next three years was mostly occupied in operations in that section of China. After the defeat and death of, Mandahai returned with the army (1648) to Peking. There he was accused of misdemeanors but was pardoned on the intercession of.

After his father's death he became, in 1649, the first inheritor of Daišan's princedom of the first degree. In the same year he accompanied his brother, Wakda (see under ), on an expedition to Shansi against the rebel. On his return in 1651 his princedom was designated Hsün 巽 in place of the designation, Li, granted to his father. After Dorgon's henchmen were cashiered in 1651, Mandahai was put in charge of the Board of Civil Office, but he died in the following year. He was canonized as Chien 簡. His son, Canggadai 常阿岱 (d. 1665, age 33 sui, posthumous name 懷愍), became the second inheritor of Daišan's rank. In 1659, however, Mandahai was posthumously accused of having appropriated for himself part of the confiscated property of Dorgon, and was posthumously deprived of all ranks. Canggadai also was not permitted to retain his inherited princedom and was degraded to a prince of the third degree (see under ).

[1/222/7b; 2/1/4a; 34/121/12b.]

2em

MANGGÛLTAI 莽古爾泰, 1587–1633, Jan. 11, was the fifth son of the founder of the Ch'ing Dynasty,. His mother (Gundai, née Fuca, see under ) was the second wife of Nurhaci. By a previous marriage she had given birth to a son named Anggala 昂阿拉 (d. 1636). In addition to Manggûltai she gave birth to Nurhaci's tenth son, Degelei 德格類 (1596–1635), and his third daughter, Manggûji 莽古濟 (d. 1636), who in 1601 married a Hada chief, and in January 1628, a Mongol.

Manggûltai first had an opportunity to display his military talents in the campaign against the Ula tribe in 1612. He was later given command of the Plain Blue Banner, and in 1616 was made one of the four hošoi beile to assist Nurhaci in the government—the four being, in the order of their rank:, , Manggûltai and. The four beile played leading parts in the crushing defeat of the Ming armies in 1619 (see under ), and in subsequent battles in Liaotung and Korea. When Nurhaci died in 1626 no provision had been made regarding a successor. But Daišan and his sons took the lead by nominating the fourth and youngest beile, Abahai. Although Abahai thus became nominally the head of the government he was forced in practice to share authority with the other three, if not actually to serve as their tool. In the ceremony of installation he is reported to have won an oath of allegiance from the younger members of the clan, after which he turned and bowed three times to Daišan, Amin, and Manggûltai. These three sat on a level with him on all state occasions, but the situation, besides giving rise to much ill-feeling, was not in conformity with Chinese patterns of political organization which it became the tendency to adopt after the removal by Nurhaci in 1625 of his headquarters to Mukden. In 1630 Abahai imprisoned Amin on a charge of cowardice. In the following year, at the siege of Ta-ling-ho, he found an opportunity to censure Manggûltai who in turn lost his temper and drew his sword. Degelei prevented Manggûltai from doing violence, but the episode was discussed by a council of princes 562