Page:Eminent Chinese Of The Ch’ing Period - Hummel - 1943 - Vol. 1.pdf/564

 of his letters, prefaces, etc., including an account of his life by his son, Lü Pao-chung, were printed under the title 呂晚村先生詩文集 Lü Wan-ts'un hsien-shêng shih-wên chi, 8 chüan.

[6/36/25b; Pao Lai 包賚, Lü Liu-liang nien-p'u (1937); Tung-hua lu, Yung-chêng 7:5, 6, 9, 10; 8:12; 9:12; 10:12; Chou Ch'üeh 周愨, 館藏清代禁書述略 Kuan ts'ang Ch'ing-tai chin-shu shu-lüeh, in Kuo-hsüeh Library Annual, Nanking, vol. 4 (1930), pp. 9–10, 48–51; Yao Chin-yüan 姚覲元, 禁燬書目 Chin hui shu-mu (1882), p. 18f.; 嘉興府志 Chia-hsing-fu chih (1721) 14/18b; Goodrich, L. C., The Literary Inquisition of Ch'ien-lung (1935), passim; Jung Chao-tsu 容肇祖, Lü Liu-liang chi ch'i ssŭ-hsiang (及其思想) in Fu-jên hsüeh-chih, vol. 5, nos. 1, 2]

2em

 LÜ Pao-chung 呂葆中, d. ca. 1708, scholar, was a native of Ch'ung-tê, Chekiang, the eldest son of. He took the chü-jên degree in 1696, and in 1706 distinguished himself by coming out second in the Palace examinations at Peking. He was appointed a compiler of the Hanlin Academy, but did not continue there long, as he was involved in the case of Chang Nien-i 張念一 who led a rebellion in Chekiang for several years and was finally captured about the year 1707. Although Lü Pao-chung was pardoned, his worries over the matter are said to have hastened his death. When the views of his father against the Manchus were brought to light during the years 1728–32 (see under ), Lü Pao-chung's corpse was disinterred and dismembered by imperial decree. He was a pupil of and, like his father, was an ardent supporter of the philosophy of Chu Hsi (see under ). The collection of his prose works, entitled Lü Pao-chung wên (文), was placed on the list of banned books, and is apparently no longer extant. The one item by him that appears to have been preserved is his preface to the 八家古文精選 Pa chia ku-wên ching-hsüan, edited by his father, which bears the date 1704.

[See bibliography under ; Tung-hua lu, K'ang-hsi 47:2, Yung-chêng 8:12; Chia-hsing fu-chih 14/22b.]

2em

 LUNGKODO 隆科多, d. 1728, official, was the third son of, and a member of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner. His aunt was the mother of Emperor Shêng-tsu. That emperor took two of Lungkodo's sisters as concubines, one of whom was elevated to empress (Empress Hsiao-i, see under ) shortly before her death in 1689. Thus Lungkodo was a cousin and also a brother-in-law of the emperor.

He began his official career in 1688 as an Imperial Bodyguard. In 1693 he was made commissioner of the Imperial Equipage Department and later served as deputy lieutenant-general of a Banner. For failure to control the conduct of one of his subordinates he was, in 1705, discharged from his offices, but was allowed to redeem himself by service as an Imperial Bodyguard. In 1711 he was appointed general commandant of the Gendarmerie of Peking with the title Pu-chün tung-ling 步軍統領, more commonly known as Chiu-mên t'i-tu 九門提督 because one of his duties was the control of the nine gates of the Tartar City. In this capacity he served for fourteen years until 1725. In 1720 he was given by Emperor Shêng-tsu the concurrent post of president of the Colonial Court in charge of affairs with Mongols and other peoples, including Russians.

It appears, however, that Emperor Shêng-tsu was not pleased with Lungkodo's family, for when T'ung Kuo-wei died in 1719 the emperor neglected to appoint an hereditary successor to the dukedom. T'ung Kuo-wei had favored the emperor's eighth son,, as heir apparent, and so had incurred the emperor's extreme displeasure. The family of T'ung Kuowei seems in general to have supported Yin-ssŭ, but Lungkodo, probably at the last moment, shifted to the faction of (q.v., temple name Shih-tsung). Late in 1722 Emperor Shêng-tsu died in the garden-palace, Ch'ang-ch'un-yüan, four miles west of Peking. According to official accounts, Lungkodo and several princes were at the bedside of the dying emperor who disclosed to them that he wished Yin-chên to succeed to the throne. But their claim is not convincing (see under ). From various contemporary sources it is known that Lungkodo stationed soldiers round the garden palace and then went to Peking where, with his Gendarmerie, he kept order and prepared for any emergency. Yin-chên accompanied his father's remains back to Peking, with an escort of soldiers with drawn 552