Page:Eminent Chinese Of The Ch’ing Period - Hummel - 1943 - Vol. 1.pdf/545

 according to their moral standards. It was written in 1634 and revised several times. Four of his works were copied into the Imperial Manuscript Library (see under ), two listed by title only, and one, comprising his memorials, entitled 劉念臺奏疏 Liu Nien-t'ai tsou-shu, was proscribed during the Ch'ien-lung period. One of his disciples, Tung Yang 董瑒 collected his writings under the title 劉子全書 Liu-tzŭ ch'üan shu, in 40 chüan, including portrait and nien-p'u. This was first printed in 1822. A later student, Shên Fu-ts'an 沈復粲 (1779–1850), compiled a supplement in 24 chüan. The Ming Prince of Lu gave him the posthumous title Chung-tuan 忠端, the Prince of T'ang that of Chung-chêng 忠正, and in 1776 the Ch'ing court conferred the title Chung-chieh 忠介. In 1822 his tablet was placed in the Confucian temple.

[M.1/255/1a; M.59/13/1a; M.35/11/1a; 卹諡考 Hsü-shih k'ao 1/1b; M.83/62/1a; M.39/11/1a; Yao Ming-ta 姚名達, 劉宗周年譜 Liu Tsung-chou nien-p'u, Shanghai, 1934; Goodrich, L. C., Literary Inquisition of Ch'ien-lung, pp. 144–45, 149, 150, 154; Watters, T., A Guide to the Tablets in a Temple of Confucius (1879), p. 220.]

2em

 LIU T'ung-hsün 劉統勳, Jan.–Feb., 1700-1773, Dec. 29?, Grand Secretary, was a native of Chu-ch'êng, Shantung. His father Liu Ch'i 劉棨, was a chin-shih of 1685 who rose through various positions from a magistrate to financial commissioner of Szechwan (1713–17). He was one of the celebrated incorruptible officials of his day, enjoying a reputation similar to that of. The Liu family of Chuch'êng produced many officials, but the most famous among them were Liu T'ung-hsün and his son,. Liu T'ung-hsün became a chin-shih in 1724, was selected a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy, and later was made a compiler. In 1727 he began to serve in the Imperial Study and in 1735 in the Imperial School for the Emperor's sons. In the meantime he was several times promoted. In 1736 Emperor Kao-tsung made him a sub-chancellor of the Grand Secretariat and sent him to Chekiang to learn from about the construction of dikes along the coast. While there Liu was made senior vice-president of the Board of Punishments (1737) and upon his return to Peking in 1738 was placed in charge of the Wu-ying tien, or Imperial Printing Press and Bindery. But in 1739 he retired to observe the period of mourning for the death of his mother.

Recalled to Peking in 1741, Liu T'ung-Hsün was made President of the Censorate, and early in 1742 astonished the court with a memorial in which he recommended that the power of the Emperor's favorite, No-ch'in (see under ), be restricted, and that since so many Changs and Yaos from T'ung-ch'êng, Anhwei, were in government service, they should, for a period of three years, be debarred from promotion, in order that other officials might have a chance. It happened however that the Changs and Yaos who held official positions were relatives of, a Grand Secretary who was also a favorite of the Emperor. Though such bluntness in memorials was surprising, Liu's act was warmly commended by Emperor Kao-tsung. That Liu dared to submit the memorial was proof to the Emperor that neither Chang nor No-ch'in was as powerful as Liu had supposed. Yet both were admonished to be more circumspect in the future. From early in 1743 to 1746 Liu was again in Chekiang to inspect the dikes. Early in 1750 he was made president of the Board of Works, was transferred, later in the same year, to the Board of Punishments, and in January 1753, became a Grand Councilor.

To facilitate preparations for the conquest of the Eleuths, Liu T'ung-hsün was sent west (1754) as acting governor-general of Shensi and Kansu. He established courier stations from Shên-mu, Shensi, to Barkul, and also made plans to transport horses and supplies to the front. Though Ili had been conquered, the rebellion of in 1755 nullified all the gains that had been made (see under ). When the Manchu general, Yungch'ang (see under ), retreated towards Hami, Liu memorialized the throne that the region, west of Hami should be abandoned. This so displeased the Emperor, who had planned to reconquer the territory, that he immediately ordered the arrest and return of Yung-ch'ang and Liu on the charge of neglecting orders, and of failure in military operations. Liu's sons, including Liu Yung, were imprisoned. The Emperor, however, put most of the blame on Yung-ch'ang and released Liu and his sons, with the understanding that Liu be returned to the front to redeem himself by service in the quarter- 533