Page:Eminent Chinese Of The Ch’ing Period - Hummel - 1943 - Vol. 1.pdf/439

Rh Hu succeed in dislodging the rebels from the Wuchang, Hankow, and Hanyang region (December 1856). The victory was due chiefly to the joint effort of these two men. They also co-operated in sending recruits and supplies to Tsêng Kuo-fan at Kiukiang, in dispatching forces to operate in western Anhwei, and in maintaining order in Hupeh.

In 1858 Kuan-wên was made concurrently an Associate Grand Secretary and three years later, a full Grand Secretary. In the meantime he continued to send supplies to Tsêng and had his own men prepared for any emergency. His men fought the Taipings, and later the Nien banditti, not only in Hupeh but also in Hunan, Kiangsi, Anhwei, and Honan. In 1864, after Nanking was recovered by Tsêng Kuo-fan, Kuan-wên was given the hereditary rank of a first class earl with the designation, Kuo-wei, and with rights of perpetual inheritance. The reward was given in recognition of his splendid co-operation with Tsêng, Hu and other Hunan generals. In addition, his branch of the family was exempted from further service in the Imperial Household as bond servants and was honored by being raised to the Manchu Plain White Banner, though he himself was a Chinese Bannerman.

In 1866 Kuan-wên was accused of corruption by, governor of Hupeh. The charges were verified and Kuan-wên was removed from his governor-generalship. Early in 1867 he was recalled to Peking to serve as Grand Secretary. Late in the same year he was made concurrently governor-general of Chihli. He held this post until 1869 and then returned to Peking. He died the following year and was canonized as Wên-kung 文恭. A work about the Taiping Rebellion, entitled 平定粵匪紀略 P'ing-ting Yüeh-fei chi-lüeh, 18 + 4 chüan, was edited in 1865 by Tu Wên-lan 杜文瀾, and others, under the sponsorship of Kuan-wên. It was first printed about the same time.

[1/394/3b; 2/45/37a;, Yung-an pi-chi; Chiao-p'ing Yüeh-fei fang-lüeh (see under .]

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 KUANG-hsü. Reign-title of.

 KUANG-tsung. Temple name of.

 KUEI Chuang 歸莊, Aug. 29, 1613–1673, Oct. 1, a native of K'un-shan, Kiangsu, was a great-grandson of the Ming teacher and prose writer, Kuei Yu-kuang 歸有光. He graduated as hsiu-ts'ai about the time the Manchu army advanced to the south of the Yangtze. When the residents of K'un-shan rose to a brave defense of the city against the invaders (August 6, 1645) Kuei was one of the leaders, another being. On August 26 the city fell and Kuei fled disguised as a monk, changing his personal name to Tso-ming 祚明 (Long live the Ming Dynasty). He and Ku, both members of the political party known as Fu-shê 復社 were intimate friends, and because of their opposition to the Manchu conquerors were known to their neighbors as "Kuei the mysterious and Ku the strange" 歸奇顧怪.

Kuei Chuang was well versed in poetry and prose and excelled in the cursive style of calligraphy and in ink drawings of bamboo. He composed an epic of some eighteen hundred words, entitled "Sorrows of the Ages" (萬古愁曲 Wan-ku ch'ou-ch'ü), in which he relates in free verse the story of Chinese history from the legendary creation by P'an Ku 盤古 to the surrender of Nanking in 1645. In it he satirizes many of the saints, philosophers and statesmen of history and tells with great candor how the Ming officials bowed to the bandits and to the Manchus. quotes Shên Ch'üan 沈荃, a Supervisor of Education in the Palace, to the effect that Emperor Shih-tsu was so pleased with the poem that he often ordered the court musicians to sing it at meals. In his later years Kuei Chuang tried hard to raise funds to print the collected works of his great-grandfather. After many scholars had contributed to the fund and the printing had begun (1671), he died. Fortunately the project was carried out by his nephew and was completed in 1675 under the title 震川先生文集 Chên-ch'uan hsien-shêng wên-chi (40 chüan).

[Chao Ching-ta 趙經達, 歸玄恭年譜 Kuei Hsüan-kung nien-p'u (1924–25); Kuei Tsêng-ch'i 歸曾祁, Kuei Hsüan-kung nien-p'u 2/70/7b; 3/464/14a; 6/36/12b; 練川名人畫像 Lien-ch'uan ming-jên hua-hsiang (1849, with portrait), 附下/7; 崑山新陽合志 K'un-shan Hsin-yang ho-chih (1881), 32/12a.]

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