Page:Eminent Chinese Of The Ch’ing Period - Hummel - 1943 - Vol. 1.pdf/438

Rh bibl, under ) p. 83–107, 346, 355; Ssŭ-k'u, passim; Chu Hsi-tsu, 鈔本甲乙事案跋, in Bul. Inst. of Hist. and Phil. (Academia Sinica), vol. 2, pt. 2 (1930), p. 153–56; 青鶴 Ch'ing-ho, vol. 3, no. 12 (May 1, 1935), for pictures of his tomb and other relics; 舊都文物略 Chiu-tu wên-wu lüeh (1935), ming chi shang, p. 16; Ch'ien Mu 錢穆, Chung-kuo chin san-pai nien hsüeh-shu shih (1937) pp. 121-57.]

2em

 KU Ying-t'ai 谷應泰, scholar and official, was a native of Fêng-jun, Chihli. After becoming a chin-shih in 1647, he was for a time an assistant secretary in the Board of Revenue. In 1656 he became educational commissioner of Chekiang province, a post he held until 1660. His well-known history of the Ming dynasty, 明史紀事本末 Ming-shih chi-shih pên-mo, 80 chüan, was compiled and completed during this period. This work is composed in topical form—one topic to each chüan. It was first printed in 1658 with a preface by the author of the same date. Moreover it is one of the earliest attempts to write a history of the entire Ming period (1368–1644), having appeared long before the official Ming-shih, which was not completed until 1739. The Ming-shih chi-shih pên-mo has, on various grounds, been attributed to other authors, but without convincing proof.

Ku Ying-t'ai seems to have worked with the help of a few assistants, and he doubtless utilized some sources written or compiled by others. Two short works, now incorporated in the collectanea, Hsüeh-hai lei-pien (see under ), entitled 明遭運志 Ming ts'ao-yün chih, an account of grain transport in the Ming period, and 明倭寇始末 Ming Wo-k'ou shih-mo, an account of Japanese raids on the coast in the same period, were in reality abstracted from the Ming-shih chi-shih pên-mo—the former being chüan 24, and the latter chüan 55 in the history. In 1786 Emperor Kao-tsung issued an edict ordering that alterations be made in the section dealing with in chüan 78 of the Ming-shih chi-shih pên-mo—these changes to follow closely the official account in the Huang-Ch'ing k'ai-kuo fang-lüeh (see under ). Apparently the purpose was to laud the exploits of the Manchus and to minimize the achievements of.

In his collectanea, Han-hai, printed a work entitled 博物要覽 Po-wu yao-lan, 12 chüan, attributing it to Ku Ying-t'ai. As a matter of fact the author of the Po-wu yao-lan was Ku T'ai 谷泰, a scholar of the late Ming period who held a post in Szechwan which was Li T'iao-yüan's native province. Most likely Li was misled by the similarity of the two names. Ku Ying-t'ai's collected literary works were entitled 築益堂集 Chu-i t'ang chi.

[2/70/21b; 3/206/18a; 10/19/6a; Ssŭ-k'u 49/6b, 51/7a, 84/5b, 130/3a; Lü-t'ing chih-chien ch'uan-pên shu-mu 4/19a;, San-yü t'ang wên-chi; Sun Tsan-yüan 孫贊元, 遵化詩存 Tsun-hua shih-ts'un (1888); Tsun-hua t'ung-chih (通志, 1888).]

2em

 KUAN-wên 官文, 1798–1871, Mar. 1, official, first Earl Kuo-wei (果威), was a member of the Chinese Plain White Banner. His surname was Wang 王 and his family belonged to the Imperial Household division, serving the emperor as bond servants. Kuan-wên was taken from a clerkship to serve as a junior Imperial Bodyguard. After various promotions, he was appointed in 1841 a deputy lieutenant-general to serve at the garrison at Canton, and six years later was transferred to serve at Ching-chou, Hupeh. When in 1853 the Taiping army marched through Hunan and Hupeh, occupied Wuchang for a time, and then turned eastward to take Nanking, Kuan-wên remained at Chingchou to look after the defense of western Hupeh. In March 1854 he was made Tartar General in command of the garrison at Ching-chou.

At this time a Taiping army was besieging Wuchang, attacking the militia in Hunan under, and threatening Chingchou. Kuan-wên succeeded in recovering several cities and stabilizing western Hupeh and then moved eastward in unison with the northern advance of Tsêng Kuo-fan. In September, while Tsêng was recovering Wuchang, Kuan-wên took the neighboring city of Hanyang—thus for a second time clearing Hupeh of rebels. Nevertheless the great Taiping general,, soon forced Tsêng to attend only to the fighting near Kiukiang, and then sent men up the Yangtze into Hupeh. In April 1855 Wuchang was for a third time lost to the Taipings. Joint steps were then taken to recover that area. Kuan-wên was made governor-general of Hupeh and Hunan to command the troops north of the river while was made acting governor of Hupeh to attack from the south. Only after a year of severe fighting did Kuan-wên and 426