Page:Eminent Chinese Of The Ch’ing Period - Hummel - 1943 - Vol. 1.pdf/422

Rh near the modern city of Nikolsk, Siberia. Around the sources of this river were settled the four clans of Suifun, Ningguta 寧古塔, Nimaca 尼馬察, and Namdulu, forming one division of the Weji 握集 tribe of Jurjen, or Manchus. This group was known to the Ming historians as the Wildmen of the Eastern Sea, and since distance had kept them from being directly influenced by the Chinese, they became willing allies of in his campaigns against China. In 1610, as the result of an expedition sent under the command of into this territory, Nurhaci secured the allegiance of some of the Weji clans. Kanggûri and Kakduri, together with neighboring chieftains,—among them and —brought over a thousand of their tribesmen to join Nurhaci's standard. Out of these were formed six niru (companies of about 300 men each) of which two were put under the command of Kanggûri and Kakduri and incorporated in the Plain White Banner. Kanggûri was further given a niece of Nurhaci, daughter of his younger brother Murhaci (see under ), for a wife. In 1618 he distinguished himself at the capture of Fu-shun (May 9) and in 1621 at the taking of Shên-yang (May 4).

After the death of Nurhaci, Kakduri rose to be commander of the Plain White Banner, while Kanggûri, though the elder, was made assistant to him. Both men took part in 1627 in the expedition into Korea under the leadership of.

In 1629 when the Manchus penetrated inside the Great Wall, the Plain White Banner was first to force an entrance into the city of Tsun-hua on the northeast side. For this exploit Kakduri received promotion and the special title of gasha baturu, "bird-hero", in reference to his rapid movements in battle. Meanwhile Kanggûri was ordered to join in the advance on Peking, in front of which the Chinese armies under, and  had taken their stand. In the subsequent fighting Kanggûri was accused of cowardice and degraded. After his death in 1631, the post of captain in his company (later known as company 15 of the first division of the Plain White Banner) remained hereditary for his descendants. In 1631 Kakduri was dispatched with the commander of the Plain White Banner, to disrupt the island fortifications of the Chinese, and continued to be prominent in the warfare of the following three years. In 1634 he was reported to be on the point of deserting and to have transferred his possessions to his native district of Namdulu, but he died within a few months. After his death his brother's widow, daughter of Murhaci, and others confirmed the truth of the report, with the result that Kakduri's sons were disinherited. The leadership of his own company (later known as company 13 of the first division of the Plain White Banner) passed to the descendants of his brother.

In 1695 company 14 was formed as an outgrowth of company 13 and in this company the descendants of Kakduri eventually regained an hereditary post. Among the sons of Kanggûri the most prominent was Laita (see under ) who was posthumously rewarded with a dukedom in 1727 for his exploits in the San-fan War (1673–81).

[1/233/4b; 2/4/12a; 3/262/22a; 11/7/47a; 11/8/15b; 34/156/9a; 34/157/1a.]

2em

K'ANG-hsi. Reign-title of.

 K'ANG-kuo-li 康果禮. See under.

 K'ANG, Prince. See under.

 KAO Chieh 高傑, d. 1645, Feb. 9?, bandit chief (as such called 翻山鷂), and later Ming loyalist, was a native of Mi-chih, Shensi, home of the rebel , with whom, as co-leader, he pillaged throughout their native province. The siege of Lung-chou, Shensi, in which Kao was engaged in 1634 lasted so long that Li suspected Kao of having made a secret alliance with Ho Jên-lung 賀人龍, lieutenant colonel of the garrison of that city. In the meantime Kao became intimate with Li's wife (née Hsing 邢); and both, fearing revenge, fled to the camp of Ho, where Kao surrendered (1635). Kao assisted Ho in many campaigns against bandits until 1642 when Ho was executed by order of Sun Ch'uan-t'ing 孫傳庭, governor-general of Shensi. Soon thereafter, in recognition of his loyalty to the Ming cause, Kao was promoted to the rank of major, and then to that of assistant brigade-general (1643). He led the vanguard of Sun's army against the forces of Li Tzŭ-ch'êng, but the latter's rebellion was rapidly gaining strength, and late in 1643 Kao suffered a serious defeat at the battle of Tung-kuan where his commander, Sun Ch'uan-t'ing, was killed. In the following year Kao, as brigade-general, was sent to check the forces of Li Tzŭ-ch'êng in their march from southwestern Shansi toward the capital, but he 410