Page:Eminent Chinese Of The Ch’ing Period - Hummel - 1943 - Vol. 1.pdf/417

Rh In 1936 a bronze tablet was placed at Chiao T'ung University 交通大學, Shanghai, in Jung Hung's honor, and a hall was dedicated to his memory. His eldest son, born in 1875, died in Peking in 1933. His second son, born in 1877, is said to be still living in China.

[Yung Wing, My Life in China and America (1909) with portrait;, Tsêng Wên-chêng ch'üan chi (memorials), 30/3a–4a, 30/13b–15b; Ch'ing Shih-lu (T'ung-chih period) 291/3ab; idem, Kuang-hsü period 130/66.]

2em

JUNG-lu 榮祿, April 6, 1836–1903, April 11, official, was a member of the Manchu Plain White Banner. His clan name was Gûalgiya 瓜爾佳 and he was a descendant of. His grandfather, T'a-ssŭ-ha 塔斯哈, served during the campaign of 1826–28 against the Mohammedans of Turkestan (see under ). In 1830, when T'a-ssŭ-ha was assistant military-governor at Kashgar, he was killed in action defending the frontiers against a Khokandian invasion. Jung-lu's father, Ch'ang-shou 長壽, a brigade-general, and Jung-lu's uncle, Ch'ang-jui 長瑞 , also a brigade-general, were in joint command of a detachment that resisted the rebels under in Kwangsi, but both were killed in battle at Yung-an in that province, where a temple was later erected to their memories. The biographies of the two brothers and of their father were compiled and printed by Jung-lu, together with eulogies by his friends and colleagues, some dated as late as 1890. This collection is entitled, 世篤忠貞錄 Shih-tu chung-chên lu, or 長白瓜爾佳氏三忠列傳 Ch'ang-pai Gua-êr-chia shih san-chung lieh-chuan.

In 1852, after his father had died in defense of the dynasty, Jung-lu was made an honorary licentiate, and early in 1853 inherited the minor hereditary rank of Ch'i-tu-yü which was posthumously given to his father. Later (1853) he was appointed a secretary in the Board of Works, ard five years after that was made an assistant department director in the same Board. In 1859 he was transferred to the Board of Revenue. When the British and French allied forces entered Peking in 1860 he served under, the renowned Prince Kung, and was in charge of police in the suburbs of Peking. In 1861, in view of his contributions to the national treasury, he was given the rank of an expectant intendant of a circuit. Later in the same year he took part under I-hsin and in the organization of the Peking Field Force (see under ). This was the first army corps in China equipped with modern firearms and drilled in the Western manner. It is said that in 1862 when the Dowager Empresses (see under ) returned from Jehol it was Jung-lu who escorted them with a loyal detachment of troops. In 1864 he became brigadier of one of the two wings of this force, which he led in 1865 to fight against a band of outlaws from Manchuria, then operating in northeastern Chihli. In 1868 he was appointed lieutenant-general of the Gendarmerie patrolling the eastern part of Peking. Early in 1870 he was made general commandant of the Peking Field Force, a post he held for nine years. Concurrently he served as vice-president of the Board of Works (1871–73), of the Board of Revenue (1873–78), president of the Board of Works (1878–79), a minister of the Imperial Household (1873–79), and general commandant of the Peking Gendarmerie (1877–79).

Jung-lu was trusted by the Empress Dowager,. On the night of January 12, 1875, when she decided to adopt her nephew, as her son and to enthrone him as emperor, it was Jung-lu whom she deputed to lead an armed force to escort the child from the home of his father (I-huan) to the Palace. At this time Jung-lu was already powerful, as commander of the Peking Gendarmerie and the Field Force. However, in September 1878 he was granted sick leave, and early in 1879 was retired from all his posts. According to, Jung-lu had trouble with his leg which was operated on by a Western surgeon. According to another account, Jung-lu had incurred the displeasure of I-hsin by boasting of his influence over the Dowager Empress, Hsiao-ch'in. Still another writer attributes his downfall to his having antagonized the Empress Dowager by insisting on limiting the powers of the eunuchs. Officially, however, he was accused of receiving bribes and was lowered two grades in rank. This meant that when he should be called to serve again he would receive a lower appointment than he had before his retirement. Although, in view of contributions he made toward the equipment of the army, he was restored to his former rank in 1885, he remained inactive for two years longer.

In 1887 Jung-lu was recalled from retirement 405