Page:Eminent Chinese Of The Ch’ing Period - Hummel - 1943 - Vol. 1.pdf/37

Rh chüan was ordered in 1793, another of 4 chüan in 1517. The original manuscripts of these works are preserved in the Palace Museum, Peiping. Chang Chao was well known as a poet, and many of his verses appear in albums of his calligraphy. Those he composed while in prison, entitled 白雲亭詩卷 Pai-yün t'ing shih-chüan, owing to their resentful tone against the state and against whom he suspected of having been responsible for his imprisonment, were destroyed by official command in 1759. His collected poems were printed under the title, 得天居士集 Tê-t'ien chü-shih chi, 6 chüan by his grandnephew, Chang Hsiang-ho 張祥河, who was a chin-shih of 1820 and rose to the post of president of the Board of Works (1859–1861). Chang Chao was also gifted in the drama and in music. He adapted, by imperial order, a number of old stories and plays for which he wrote musical scores. His lyric dramas, entitled: 月令承應, Yüeh-ling Ch'êng-ying; 法宮雅奏 Fa-kung ya-tsou; 九九大慶 Chiu-chiu ta-ch'ing; 勸善金科 Ch'üan-shan chin-k'o; and 昇平寶筏 Shêng-p'ing pao fa, were frequently performed inside the palace until the close of the Ch'ing dynasty. Many of his musical scores for the drama are cited as examples of different types of music in the compendium, 九宮大成南北詞宮譜 Chiu-kung ta-ch'êng nan pei tz'ǔ kung-p'u, which was commissioned in 1744 and printed in 1746 in 81 chüan. Chang Chao was much influenced by Buddhism and his writings are colored by it, both in thought and in phraseology.

[1/310/1a; 3/71/5a; 9/24/18b; 20/2/00; 29/3/9a; Lou-hsien chih (1788) 26/1a; L.T.C.L.H.M., p. 273; 內務府古物陳列所書畫目錄 Nei-wu fu ku-wu ch'ên-lieh-so shu-hua mu-lu (1925) 1/22a, 3/3b, 15a, 13/48b, 49b, 51b, 附卷, 1/4b; Ssŭ-k'u (see under ) 38/6b, 113/5b; Shih-ch'ü pao-chi (1918) 3/53a, 11/17a, 12/5a, 20/42b, 20/56a, 22/56a 59a; Chiu-kung ta-ch'êng nan-pei tz'ǔ kung-p'u' (1923), introduction by Wu Mei 吳梅 2b; T'oung Pao (1920–21) p. 233; Yü Shao-sung (see under bibl. of ), Shu-hua shu-lu chieh-t'i (1932) 5/10a.]

2em

CHANG Ch'i 張琦, Jan. 5, 1765–1833, May 1, scholar and official, was a native of Wu-chin, Kiangsu. His original name was Chang I 張翊 which he changed to Chang Yü-ch'üan 張與權 and finally to Chang Ch'i. Owing to his admiration for the famous work, Tu-shih fang-yü chi-yao, by, he took the sobriquet 宛鄰 Wan-lin, meaning “Neighbor to Ku Tsu-yü”. His father, Chang Ch'an-pin 張蟾賓, died four months before Chang Ch'i was born, and when his brother, , was only four (sui). As the family was poor, it was only with great difficulty that their mother (née Chiang 姜 1736–1794) could provide them with a good education. Both Chang Ch'i and his brother achieved literary fame and were known as "The Two Changs of P'i-ling"毘陵二張. Unlike his brother whose interest was entirely literary, Chang Ch'i hoped to render practical service to the government as an administrator, hence in his study he emphasized history and geography. In 1815 he published a work on the geography of the late Chou period, entitled 戰國策釋地 Chan-kuo ts'ê shih-ti, 2 chüan which was reprinted later in the Kuang-ya ts'ung-shu (see under ). In 1788 he became a licentiate of the first class and in the following year married a poetess, T'ang Yao-ch'ing 湯瑤卿 (1763–1831). In order to support himself he became a tutor to private families. In 1794 his mother died. About three years later he went to Shê-hsien, Anhwei, to join his brother in the teaching profession. There he met his life-long friend,, who later composed his funerary inscription. When his brother proceeded to Peking and took his chin-shih degree (1799), Chang Ch'i continued to teach at Shê-hsien, for three years more. In 1802 his brother died and Chang Ch'i returned to his native place. Owing to lack of competent medical care, his eldest son, Chang Chüeh-sun 張珏孫, died in the following year and this led Chang Ch'i to stress the study of medicine. As a result he later published annotations on the ancient medical work, 素問 Su-wên, entitled Su-wên shih-i (釋義), 12 chüan.

In pursuance of his work as a teacher Chang Ch'i journeyed in Chekiang, Anhwei, Honan, and Shantung. In 1813 he went to Peking where, after eleven failures, he passed the Shun-t'ien provincial examination for the chü-jên degree. Seven years later (1820) he was appointed a copyist in the bureau for editing the "veritable records" (Shih-lu) of Emperor Jên-tsung. After two years in this service he was rewarded with the rank of a magistrate in Shantung. Early in 1824 he was made acting magistrate of Tsou-p'ing where he served for about five months. Then he was transferred to Chang-ch'iu, in the same province, where he remained some thirteen months and showed special skill in handling judicial cases. 25