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Rh 弢庵, 1848–1935), and in the following year became head of the Po-lu (白鹿) Shu-yüan of Kiangsi, where he served for two or three years. In 1887 he was invited to direct the Chih-yung (致用) Shu-yüan at Foochow, which was established in 1871 by the governor, Wang K'ai-t'ai 王凱泰 (original ming 敦敏, T. 幼軒, H. 補帆, posthumous name 文勤, 1823–1875). There Hsieh taught for sixteen years as an able representative of Chinese traditional education. He died at the age of eighty-four (sui) and lived to see the rise of modern schools which soon replaced all the Academies to which he had devoted most of his life.

Hsieh Chang-t'ing left more than twenty works, of which 16 items, printed at various times, were edited under the collective title, 賭棋山莊全集 Tu-ch'i-shan-chuang ch'üan-chi. The one which attracted the most attention was his collections of short prose writings, entitled Tu-ch'i-shan-chuang wên-chi (文集), 7 chüan, printed in 1884, with one supplement, hsü (續)-chi, 2 chüan, printed in 1892, and another supplement, yu (又) hsü-chi, also in 2 chüan, printed in 1898. He left 14 chüan of poems, entitled Tu-ch'i-shan-chuang shih-chi (詩集), printed in 1888 and 8 chüan of verse in the tz'ŭ style, entitled 酒邊詞 Chiu-pien tz'ŭ, printed in 1889. A supplement to his writings containing his prose, his regular poems, and his tz'ŭ, was printed in 1915 under the title, Tu-ch'i-shan-chuang yü-chi (餘集), 5 chüan. These works, particularly those in prose, contain much information about his own life and the lives of his friends.

In addition, Hsieh left a series of comments on tz'ŭ writing and tz'ŭ, entitled Tu-ch-i-shan-chuang tz'ŭ-hua (詞話), 12 chüan, printed in 1884 with the author's portrait. A supplement in 5 chüan was added later. Five collections of his miscellaneous notes were printed in 1901 under the following titles: 圍爐瑣憶 Wei-lu so-i, 1 chüan; 藤陰客贅 T'êng-yin k'o-chui, 1 chüan; 稗販雜錄 Pai-fan tsa-lu, 4 chüan; 課餘偶錄 K'o-yü ou-lu, 4 chüan; and K'o-yü hsü-lu, 5 chüan. An interesting study was his 說文閩音通 Shuo-wên Min-yin t'ung, printed in 1904, in which he picked out the words in the Shuo-wên (see under ) that could be identified in the prevailing dialect of Foochow.

Hsieh Chang-t'ing was devoted to his friends and they reciprocated his affection. Of these the following may be mentioned: Liu Chia-mou 劉家謀 ; Lin Shou-t'u 林壽圖 ; Ch'ên Pao-ch'ên, who wrote his epitaph; and Wei Hsiu-jên 魏秀仁, author of the novel, 花月痕 Hua-yüeh-hên (printed in 1888), and other works. Among the thousands of pupils whom Hsieh influenced should be mentioned Lin Shu 林紓, poet and painter, who rendered into Chinese, in whole or in part, with the help of translators, 156 titles of Western fiction, including such classics as David Copperfield, Oliver Twist, Ivanhoe, Gulliver's Travels, Tales from Shakespeare, Treasure Island, Les Miserables, Don Quixote, and Irving's Sketch Book.

[Fukien t'ung-chih (1922) 文苑 3/17a, 26a, 2/37a; Tu-ch'i shan-chuang ch'üan-chi; Hsiao-shuo yüeh-pao (Short Story Magazine), vol. 15, no. 11 (1924).]

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 HSIEH Chi-shih 謝濟世, 1689–1756, official and scholar, was a native of Ch'üan-chou, Kwangsi. A chin-shih of 1712, he was selected a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy and was then made a corrector. Late in 1726 he was appointed a censor. On December 29, a few days after his appointment, he submitted at a regular audience with the Emperor a memorial denouncing the governor of Honan,, as corrupt, cruel, and unjust in discharging several local officials. Heedless of intimations that the Emperor trusted T ienT'ien [sic], Hsieh disputed the case with him. It happened that another official,, had a short time before accused T'ien of the same offenses. The Emperor, suspicious of collusion, ordered a trial in which Hsieh admitted that his accusations were based on rumor. For these indiscretions Hsieh was sentenced to death. The sentence was commuted by the Emperor to banishment, and on the following day (December 30) he set out to serve as an exile at military headquarters in the Uliasutai region of Mongolia. For two years he remained there, calmly writing and teaching. But in 1729 Hsi-pao (see under ), then commander of the military settlement, reported him as arrogant. Being suspicious also of his literary efforts, Hsi-pao sent Hsieh's annotated text of the Great Learning to Peking for examination. Among these annotations were found passages impugning the orthodox commentaries of Chu Hsi and also statements interpreted as covertly 306