Page:Eminent Chinese Of The Ch’ing Period - Hummel - 1943 - Vol. 1.pdf/280

Rh had deserted him. News came to him in the spring of 1697 that the Emperor was leading another expedition against him (see under ). His forces were too depleted to fight, yet had nowhere to escape. Galdan suddenly took ill on May 3 and died the same day—some accounts assert that he poisoned himself, which seems probable. Thus ended the career of the most valiant of the Eleuths. After his death Tsewang Araptan assumed the title of Kontaisha and became the ruler of Galdan's empire. Galdan's remains were cremated, and his ashes were being carried by his nephew, Dantsila 丹濟拉 (d. 1708), to Tibet when the latter was waylaid by Tsewang Araptan's men. Dantsila escaped with a few troops but later was forced by hunger and misery to surrender to Emperor Shêng-tsu. In 1705 Dantsila was made an administrator (Jasak 札薩克) of the captured Eleuths with the rank of Fu-kuo-kung 輔國公 (prince of the fifth degree). In 1761 Dantsila's great-grandson (then head of the family) and his subjects, were given pasturage in the Sain Noin Khanate (see under ).

Tsewang Araptan had at this time living with him a son and a daughter of Galdan, and a lama priest wanted by Emperor Shêng-tsu for desertion and for assisting Galdan. In 1698, after repeated demands, Tsewang Araptan was forced to deliver them to Peking along with Galdan's ashes which were scattered. The lama was executed; the daughter and son, and the other son, Septen Bailsur, who had been imprisoned until this time, were all pardoned and housed in Peking where they died.

After the fall of Galdan, Tsewang Araptan took his place as ruler of the Eleuths in the Altai region and of the Mohammedans in Eastern Turkestan (except those in Hami). Tibet was left in confusion for more than twenty years (see under and ). The Khoshotes of Kokonor remained quiet throughout the dynasty except for one prince who rebelled in 1723 (see under ). By his defeat of Galdan Emperor Shêng-tsu extended his empire to Outer Mongolia and to Hami.

[1/527–30; P'ing-ting Shuo-mo fang-lüeh (see under ); Howorth, H. H., History of the Mongols, Vol. I ; Baddeley, John P., Russia, Mongolia, China; 1/527–31; Naitō Torajirō 內藤虎次郎, 讀史叢錄 Tokushi soroku, pp. 203–74; Cahen, G., Histoire des Relations de la Russie avec la Chine (1912), p. 136; Huang-ch'ao Fan-pu yao-lüeh, ch. 9–14.]

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GALI 噶禮 d. 1714, a Manchu of the Donggo clan belonging to the Manchu Plain Red Banner, was a great-grandson of. After study at government expense he was made a second-class secretary, and later a department director, in the Board of Civil Office. In 1696, when the forces of Emperor Shêng-tsu attacked and the Eleuths in Mongolia, Gali served under  (1638–1700, q.v.) in charge of military grain transport for the middle route. After several promotions he was, three years later, made Governor of Shansi where he showed himself a diligent, clever, and able executive. He was, however, covetous, lax in control of minor officials, and oppressive towards the people. Hence after a few years much opposition developed and numerous accusations were made against him. Official investigations did not sustain these, however, and the accusers were punished. In 1709 he was transferred to the vice-presidency of the Board of Revenue, and then to the governor-generalship of Kiangnan and Kiangsi. There he showed still less restraint, attacking and deposing many officials, some of high character and ability like. His conflict with is famous, and resulted finally in his removal from office in 1712. In 1714 he was accused by his mother of participating with his nephew in an attempt to poison her. For this crime, and for giving rein to covetousness while in high office, the Board of Punishments judged him to be worthy of the lingering death. He committed suicide and was followed in this by his wife who had been condemned to death for otherwise making trouble for the family. His brother and nephew were beheaded. A foster son, also involved, was banished and the family property was confiscated by the state. Ka-li-êr hu-t'ung 噶禮兒胡同, a lane inside the gate, Hsüan-wu mên 宣武門 in Peking, is believed to have been the site of Gali's residence.

[1/284/4a; 2/12/26b; 11/23/33b; 京師坊巷志 Ching-shih fang-hsiang chih, 2/23a; 文獻叢編 Wên-hsien ts'ung-pien, no. 2 (, 密繕小摺 Mi-shan hsiao-chê, no. 17); ibid, no. 9 清康熙硃批諭旨 Ch'ing K'ang-hsi chu-p'i yü-chih 3b–7a.]

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