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Rh torious ministers and generals connected with the conquest of Sinkiang. Though Fu-hêng was extremely devoted to the Emperor, and punctilious in his observance of the proprieties (as evinced by his courteous refusal of imperial honors) he was criticized for extravagance and for the vehemence of his likes and dislikes.

Though Fu-hêng was not well versed in Chinese literature he was an able statesman. In 1755 he helped the emperor to decide in favor of the campaign against the Eleuths (see under ), a campaign that resulted in the conquest of Ili and Chinese Turkestan. Hence it was appropriate that he should be appointed director-general of the Bureau for the compilation of the history of that campaign, entitled 平定準噶爾方略 P'ing-ting Chun-ko-êr fang-lüeh, commissioned in 1755, completed in 1770, and printed in 1772. It is a continuation of the P'ing-ting Shuo-mo fang-lüeh (see under ) which deals with the campaign against during the years 1677–98. The P'ing-ting Chun-ko-êr fang-lüeh is divided into three parts. The first part, 前編 Ch'ien-pien, 54 chüan, covering the years 1700–53, deals with the first unsuccessful campaign against the Eleuths which resulted in a truce; the second, or main part, 正編 Chêng-pien, 85 chüan, narrates the final stages of the conquest during the years 1753–60; the third part, 後編 Hou-pien, 32 chüan, contains the documents relating to the administration of the conquered territory in the years 1760–65. Among others who had a share in compiling this work may be mentioned, , , , and.

Fu-hêng had four sons:, , , and Fu-ling-an 福靈安, the eldest (d. 1767). The last-mentioned followed Chao-hui into Yarkand in 1759 when he was young and, for his courage and industry, was granted the hereditary rank of Yün-ch'i-yü. In 1767 he fought the Burmese under Ming-jui. He was married to the daughter of a prince. In 1796 the names of Fu-hêng, Chao-hui,, and Fu-k'ang-an were placed in the Imperial Ancestral Hall.

[1/307/3b; 3/29/5a; Ch'ing lieh-ch'ao Hou Fei chuan-kao (see under ), chüan hsia, 2a.]

2em

 FU I 傅扆, June 30, 1614–1684, Nov. 3, official and poet, was a native of Hsin-ch'êng, Shantung. He became a chin-shih in 1655 and in the following year entered official life as police magistrate at Ho-chien, Chihli. After several promotions he was selected in 1657 to be a censor and received his appointment a year later. In 1660 he was sent to Kiangsi where by prompt and sympathetic action he settled a mutiny of troops at Kiukiang. He retired in 1661. Thirteen of his literary works, including a collection of poems and other writings in 20 chüan, are listed by in his biography, but none of these are known to have been printed. He was summoned to compete in the special po-hsüeh hung-tz'ŭ examination of 1679 (see under ), but was unsuccessful. He was noted for his lofty principles and for his filial care of his stepmother.

[3/133/50a–53a; 32/7/23b; Tsinan fu-chih (1841) 55/48b.]

2em

FU I-chien 傅以漸, 1609–1665, was a native of Liao'ch'êng, Shantung. He took his chin-shih with highest honors in 1646, and so was the first scholar to receive the degree of chuang-yüan 狀元 or optimus in the Ch'ing dynasty. Made a first class compiler in the Hung wên-yüan 弘文院, he was promoted through successive offices to the post of a Grand Secretary in 1654. In 1657 he and Ts'ao Pên-jung 曹本榮 (ca. 1621—ca. 1664) were ordered to compile a comprehensive commentary to the Classic of Changes—a task which they completed in the next year under the title 易經通注 I-ching t'ung-chu, in 9 chüan. Shortly thereafter he asked leave, on grounds of illness, to return to his home. He was allowed to retire in 1661.

Fu I-chien was stout and bearded. He had an adopted son, whose great-grandson, Fu Shêng-hsün 傅繩勛, served as governor of Kiangsi (1848–49), and of Kiangsu (1849–51).

[1/224/4b; 2/5/39a; I-ching t'ung-chu (4 chüan edition) in 湖北叢書 Hupeh ts'ung-shu; Liao-ch'êng hsien-chih (1910) 8/44b; ibid, 耆獻文徵, 中19a, 下10a.]

2em

 FU-k'ang-an 福康安, d. June, 1796, was a Manchu of the Bordered Yellow Banner and a member of the Fuca clan. He was the 253